长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区干流段鱼类群落结构特征分析  

Analysis on the characteristics of fish community structure in the main stream section of the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：唐成 邓华堂[1] 田辉伍[1] 吴兴华 唐锡良 蒲艳 王导群 段辛斌[1] 刘绍平[1] 陈大庆[1] TANG Cheng;DENG Huatang;TIAN Huiwu;WU Xinghua;TANG Xiliang;PU Yan;WANG Daoqun;DUAN Xinbin;LIU Shaoping;CHEN Daqing(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;China Three Gorges Corporation,Wuhan 430010,China;China Three Gorges Construction Management Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北武汉430010 [4]中国三峡建设管理有限公司,四川成都610023

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第2期79-98,共20页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查(2017-2021)”;中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目(201803081);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900903);中国水产科学研究院创新团队项目(2020TD09)资助;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2021CG02);国家自然科学基金(51909271);生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(2019-2023)。

摘　　要：长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区位于向家坝坝下江段,随着金沙江下游梯级水电站相继蓄水运行和“十年禁渔”政策的实施,保护区干流段鱼类群落可能会发生改变。为探究“十年禁渔”前保护区干流段鱼类群落结构特征,基于该江段2017—2019年渔获物监测数据,对鱼类种类组成、生态类型、群落相似度、物种优势度、生物多样性以及群落结构稳定性等特征进行分析。结果显示,本次调查共采集到鱼类134种,隶属于7目21科83属,其中长江上游特有鱼类有27种,外来物种有12种,分别占总种类数20.15%和8.96%。鱼类群落以底层、产沉性卵、杂食性鱼类为主。等级聚类分析(Cluster)和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)显示,在一定的相似性水平上,保护区干流段鱼类的群落类型基本可分为3组,宜宾、泸州与合江可以聚为一组,巴南、江津分别独立成组。保护区干流优势种共有14种,其中瓦氏黄颡鱼是整个研究区域的优势种,在合江站点的优势度最高,IRI值为27.00%。Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数变化范围分别为2.725~3.306、0.883~0.942、5.833~8.811和0.699~0.773,表明保护区干流鱼类物种丰富,群落分布均匀度较高。ABC曲线分析结果显示,江津站鱼类群落结构稳定性相对较高,其余站点鱼类群落结构均受到中度干扰。本研究补充了保护区干流鱼类群落研究的基础数据,以期为该江段鱼类资源管理与“十年禁渔”生态评估提供科学依据。The National Nature Reserve of Rare and Endemic Fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is located in the lower reaches of Xiangjiaba Dam.With the impoundment of cascade hydropower stations in the lower reaches of Jinsha River and the implementation of the"ten-year fishing ban"policy,the fish community in the main stream of the reserve may change.In order to explore the characteristics of fish community structure in the main stream of the Reserve before the"ten-year fishing ban",based on the catch monitoring data from five sampling sites of this section from 2017 to 2019,the characteristics of fish species composition,ecological types,community similarity,species dominance,biodiversity and community structure stability were analyzed.The results showed that 134 fish species were collected in this investigation,belonging to 7 orders,21 families and 83genera,among which 27 species were endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and 12 species were exotic,accounting for 20.15%and 8.96%of the total species respectively.The fish community was dominated by demersal fish,sunken eggs and omnivorous fish.Cluster analysis and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS)analysis showed that the fish community types of five sections in the main stream could be basically divided into three groups at a certain level of similarity,as Yibin,Luzhou and Hejiang sections formed one group,Jiangjin section and Banan section formed separate groups independently.There were 14 dominant species,among which Pelteobagrus vachelli was the dominant species in the whole area,with the highest dominance in Hejiang section where the IRI value was 27.00%.Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Margalef index and Pielou index ranged from 2.725 to 3.306,0.883 to 0.942,5.833 to 8.811,0.699 to 0.773,respectively.As a result,fish species diversity and the community distribution uniformity was high in the main stream of the reserve.The results of ABC curve analysis showed that the fish community structure in Jiangjin section was relatively stable,b

关 键 词：群落结构 鱼类组成 生态类型 多样性 长江上游 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]