长江口日本鳗鲡苗的时空分布与捕捞生产现状  

Spatiotemporal distribution and catching status of elver(Anguilla japonica)in the Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：王思凯[1] 宋超[1] 张婷婷[1] 高宇[1] 庄平[1] 赵峰[1] WANG Sikai;SONG Chao;ZHANG Tingting;GAO Yu;ZHUANG Ping;ZHAO Feng(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment of the East China Sea and Yangtze Estuary,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海与长江口渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海长江口渔业资源增殖和生态修复工程技术研究中心,上海200090

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第2期169-180,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查(2017—2021)”;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2021M04,2022XT02);上海市优秀学术带头人计划(21XD1405000)。

摘　　要：为掌握长江口日本鳗鲡的苗汛特征与捕捞生产现状,于2017—2020年在长江口开展了定点监测和走访调查,分析了长江口鳗苗的汛期规律、捕捞努力量及捕捞产量和产值。研究发现,长江口鳗苗旺发期为2-4月,主要捕捞区域分布在东旺沙、佘山岛和南汇嘴附近水域。长江口鳗苗捕捞努力量呈现下降趋势,有效网口面积从2017年的78.72万m^(2),下降到2020年的50.40万m^(2),下降了36%。长江口鳗苗汛期的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)和总捕捞产量呈现波动变化趋势,2017和2020年较高,分别为(4474±256)尾/100 m^(2)和(5220±1063)尾/100 m^(2),2018和2019年较低,分别为(1917±335)和(1365±257)尾/100 m^(2)。研究表明,长江口鳗苗生产值受到捕捞总产量影响,近4年来逐渐下降。建议进一步加强长江口鳗苗的资源监测和科学评估,指导规范鳗苗捕捞生产。The Yangtze Estuary is the largest estuary in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.From January to May every year,a large number of Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)elvers arrive at the area under the influence of the Kuroshio and Taiwan Warm Current.The Yangtze Estuary is an important upstream migration channel for Japanese eel elvers,and the most important producing area of eel elvers in China.The protection and utilization of elvers resources here will not only help to maintain the healthy and sustainable development of elvers related industries in China,but also help to maintain biodiversity and ecological security in the Yangtze River Basin.This study carried out investigation of Japanese eel elvers for four years in the Yangtze Estuary from 2017 to 2020.Seven stations were set up to basically cover the main migration distribution area of elvers,which could better reflect the distribution and migration in the Yangtze Estuary.By analyzing the fishing capacity and resource status of Japanese eel elvers in the Yangtze Estuary in the past four years,it was found that the the main bloom period of glass eel in the Yangtze Estuary was from February to April,and the main fishing areas were distributed in Dongwangsha,Sheshan and near Nanhuizui water area.In recent years,with the strengthening of the fishing management and the implementation of the ban on fishing in the Yangtze Estuary,the fishing capacity of elvers in the Yangtze Estuary has gradually decreased,and the effective net area has decreased by 36%,from 78.72×10^(4) m^(2) in 2017 to 50.40×10^(4)m^(2) in 2020.The main fishing waters of elvers have also shifted from the inside of estuarial mouth(Dongwangsha and Jiuduansha)to outside the mouth(Nanhuizui and near Luchaogang).The CPUE results of catching elvers in bloom season showed that the average catch in 2017 was(4474±256)ind./100 m^(2);in 2018 and 2019,it gradually decreased to(1917±335)and(1365±257)ind./100 m^(2) respectively;the maximum CPUE value in 2020 was(5220±1063)ind./100 m^(2).The total yield of elvers

关 键 词：日本鳗鲡 鳗苗 时空分布 CPUE 捕捞产量 长江口 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]