共和派的“同化”政策与“法国的阿尔及利亚”观念的形成  

The‘Assimilation’Policy of the Republicans and the Formation of the Idea of L'Algerie Francaise

作　　者：刘梦佳 Liu Mengjia

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第1期40-57,160,161,共20页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“殖民主义与法国国家认同构建研究(1870—1914)”(项目编号:20CSS031)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在法国殖民史上,阿尔及利亚占据着十分特殊的地位。在很长一段时间内,法国人认为阿尔及利亚并不是一块殖民地,而是法国的一部分,是法国本土的延伸,称阿尔及利亚为“法国的阿尔及利亚”。这种观念的形成与法国的共和派有着十分密切的联系。从一开始,共和派就是法国征服阿尔及利亚的积极支持者。在殖民过程中,共和派更是以“自由”“平等”“人权”等“普世价值”理念为由,提倡阿尔及利亚与法国本土的“同化”。正是在共和派的推动下,法国确定了对阿尔及利亚的“同化”政策。然而,在殖民实践中,这种“同化”政策存在着很大的局限性。它并不涉及当地土著人口,而是仅限于阿尔及利亚这块土地和居于其上的欧洲人口与法国本土的“同化”。这种排他性的“同化”政策有着观念和现实两方面的根源,而它的实行则让“法国的阿尔及利亚”始终是一个只属于法国人的政治神话。Algeria occupies a very special position in the French colonial history.For a long time,the French did not regard Algeria as a colony while a part and a prolongation of France itself,and called it L'Algerie Frangaise.The formation of such an idea is closely related to the French republicans.The republicans were active supporters of the French conquest of Algeria from the beginning.Moreover,in the proceeding of colonisation,they advocated the‘assimilation’of Algeria to France in the name of universal values',such as‘freedom’,‘equality’and‘human rights’.It was precisely under the impetus of the republicans that France determined its policy of‘assimilation’to Algeria,and L'Algerie Frangaise was established accordingly.However,such‘assimilation’had its great limitations in the colonial practice.It did not involve the indigenous population,but merely limited to Algeria itself and the European population living thereon.This exclusive type of‘assimilation’has its conceptual and practical roots,and the implementation of such a policy makes L'Algerie Frangaise a political myth that only belongs to the French.

关 键 词：法国的阿尔及利亚 共和派 同化政策 移民殖民地 法国殖民史 

分 类 号：D066[政治法律—政治学] D756.5