“尼亚加拉运动”的兴起及其对美国黑人民权斗争发展的影响  

The Rise of the Niagara Movement and Its Impact on the Development of the Black Civil Rights Struggle in the United States

作　　者：刘依纯 Liu Yichun

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第1期76-93,161,162,共20页World History

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“移民、流动性与美利坚文明研究”(项目编号:20JJD770002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“尼亚加拉运动”是20世纪初美国黑人争取种族平等的代表性组织。在白人种族主义泛滥的社会背景下,黑人知识分子的民权理念在世纪之交出现了妥协主义与激进主义的分歧。杜波依斯和激进派黑人逐渐团结在一起,成立了“尼亚加拉运动”组织,为这一时期的黑人民权活动注入了活力。该组织不仅提出了黑人的民权诉求,并将妇女、青年拓展为黑人争取民权的中坚力量,还通过创立官方媒体,开拓了自己的宣传阵地。此外,该组织以游说、资助和提供法律援助等形式,帮助“波普案”等一系列民权活动取得了成功。“尼亚加拉运动”的兴起标志着美国黑人民权斗争由妥协到激进的转向。该组织的发展促使20世纪美国黑人民权事业朝着组织建构更为系统、斗争目标更加明确、参与人员更加广泛的方向发展,有效地促进了黑人社会影响力的提升,为现代黑人民权事业打下了坚实的基础。The Niagara Movement was a representative organisation of the American blacks fighting for racial equality in the early 20^(th)century.In the social background of rampant white racism,the divergence between compromise and radicalism appeared in the civil rights concept of the black intellectuals at the turn of the century.Du Bois and the black radicals came together to form the Niagara Movement,which energised the civil rights activism of this period.The organisation not only put forward the civil rights demands of the blacks,but also expanded women and the youth into the backbone of the black struggle for civil rights.It also established the official media and opened up the publicity front in the public opinion.In addition,this organisation helped bring about a series of successes for civil rights,such as the Pope case,in various forms,including lobbying,funding and legal assistance.The rise of the Niagara Movement marked the transformation from compromise to radical in the struggle for the black civil rights.The development of this organisation promoted the cause of the black civil rights in the 20^(th) century towards a direction of more systematic organisation construction,clearer struggle objectives and wider participation,and effectively promoted the influence of the black society,laying a solid foundation for the cause of modern black civil rights.

关 键 词：美国黑人民权斗争 尼亚加拉运动 种族关系 布克·华盛顿 杜波依斯 

分 类 号：K712.5[历史地理—历史学] D771.2[历史地理—世界史]