二战后日本的渔区扩张与“麦克阿瑟线”撤废活动  

Japan's Expansion of the Fishing Areas and the Abolition Campaign of the‘MacArthur Line’after the Second World War

作　　者：廖兵 张根福[2] Liao Bing;Zhang Genfu

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院 [2]浙江师范大学中国历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第1期124-143,163,164,共22页World History

摘　　要：第二次世界大战结束后,驻日盟军总司令部设置了规制日本渔区的“麦克阿瑟线”,后来美国不断调整该线,致使日本渔区日趋扩大,日本颇受其益。然而,随着局势的发展,尤其在《旧金山和约》签署前后,日本朝野在对中国和苏联充满“疑虑”的情况下,发起了声势浩大的撤废麦克阿瑟线活动。其间,民间通过频频请愿阐述废线的合理性与紧迫性,力图推动政府尽快废线。政府方面则通过“吉田—杜勒斯换文”,积极促成日美加三国渔业谈判等,在一定程度上赢得了美国的支持。不过,后者出于尽快批准《旧金山和约》的考量,仍然坚持暂停废线。尽管麦克阿瑟线最终在和约生效前夕被提前废除,但也产生了很多遗留问题。麦克阿瑟线撤废问题与《旧金山和约》有深刻的内在关联,展现了战后日本为尽快恢复主权国家地位的能动性与策略性。同时,尽管美国在该线撤废问题上居于关键地位,但中苏两国的态度也对日本废线活动产生了深刻影响。After the end of the Second World War,the General Headquarters of the Allied Forces in Japan set up the‘MacArthur Line’to regulate the Japanese fishing areas,which was later continuously adjusted by the United States,resulting in the expansion of the Japanese fishing areas and making Japan obtain benefits.However,with the situation development,especially before and after the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty,the Japanese government and the public,which were full of‘suspicion’of China and the Soviet Union,launched a massive campaign for the abolition of the‘MacArthur Line’.During this period,the private sector has frequently petitioned to explain the rationality and urgency of abolishing the line,striving to push the government to abolish it as soon as possible.The Japanese government,on the other hand,won the support of the U.S.to a certain extent through the Yoshida-Dulles Exchange of Notes'and the active promotion of the Japan-U.S.-Canada trilateral fisheries negotiations.However,the latter still insisted on suspending the abolition of the line for the sake of ratifying the San Francisco Peace Treaty as soon as possible.Although the‘MacArthur Line’was finally abolished on the eve of the treaty going into effect,many residual problems arose.The abolition of the‘MacArthur Line’was deeply related to the San Francisco Peace Treaty and demonstrated Japan's initiative and strategy to regain its sovereign status in the post-war period as soon as possible.Meanwhile,although the U.S.played a key role in the abolition of the line,the attitude of China and the Soviet Union also had a profound impact on Japan's abolition activities.

关 键 词：日本渔区 麦克阿瑟线 驻日盟军总司令部 旧金山和约 日美关系 

分 类 号：K313.5[历史地理—历史学] D831.3[历史地理—世界史] D871.2[政治法律—政治学]