钢铁企业高氯循环废水反渗透处理及膜污染分析  

Analysis for reverse osmosis treatment of high chloride wastewater and membrane pollution in iron and steel enterprises

作　　者：向思羽 张朝晖[1] 邢相栋[1] 郭胜兰 折媛[1] XIANG Si-Yu;ZHANG Zhao-Hui;XING Xiang-Dong;GUO Sheng-Lan;SHE Yuan(School of Metallurgical Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,Shaanxi,China;Zhanjiang Iron&Steel Co.,Ltd.,Baosteel,Zhanjiang 524072,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]宝钢湛江钢铁有限公司,广东湛江524072

出　　处：《中国冶金》2023年第3期137-143,150,共8页China Metallurgy

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划资助项目(2019TSLGY05-05)。

摘　　要：以反渗透技术深度处理钢铁企业高氯循环废水为研究目标,考察了反渗透(Reverse Osmosis, RO)装置对高氯循环废水的处理能力,明确了温度、压力、料液pH、流速、NaCl浓度对反渗透膜分离效果的影响,结合SEM-EDS、XRD等手段分析了反渗透膜使用后期性能下降的原因。结果表明,温度升高有利于提高膜通量,压力和pH升高可以同时提高RO装置分离性能,料液流速对膜分离性能影响较小,而进水NaCl浓度对膜分离性能的影响极其显著。膜污染主要表现为无机物污染,经分析,膜污染层主要物相组成为CaCO3、NaCl、CaCl2和Na2SO4。CaCO3、Na2SO4呈块状、条状晶体分布在膜纤维缝隙,而NaCl呈泥垢状污染层包裹膜纤维,经EDS分析,Ca元素在膜表面所占质量分数为4.83%,无机污染物中大部分为钙盐。Taking the advanced treatment of high chlorine circulating wastewater in iron and steel enterprises by reverse osmosis technology as the research objective, the treatment capacity of reverse osmosis(RO) device for high chlorine circulating wastewater was investigated, and the effects of temperature, pressure, feed pH, flow rate and NaCl concentration on the separation effect of reverse osmosis membrane were clarified. The reasons for the decline of reverse osmosis membrane performance in the later period of use were analyzed in combination with SEM-EDS, XRD and other means. The results show that the increase of temperature is beneficial to the increase of membrane flux, the increase of pressure and pH can improve the separation performance of RO device at the same time, the feed flow rate has little effect on the membrane separation performance, and the influent NaCl concentration has a very significant effect on the membrane separation performance. Membrane pollution is mainly caused by inorganic substances. Through analysis, the main phase groups of membrane pollution layer are CaCO3, NaCl, CaCl2and Na2SO4. CaCO3and Na2SO4are distributed in the gaps of membrane fibers in the form of blocky and strip crystals, while NaCl is wrapped in membrane fibers in the form of muddy pollution layer. According to EDS analysis, the mass fraction of Ca element on the membrane surface is 4.83%, and most of the inorganic pollutants are calcium salts.

关 键 词：高氯循环废水 反渗透膜 膜通量 截留率 膜污染 

分 类 号：X757[环境科学与工程—环境工程]