基于临界氮浓度的南疆滴灌棉花氮营养诊断及产量估算  

Nitrogen nutrition diagnosis and estimation of seed cotton yield based on critical nitrogen concentration for drip irrigation cotton in Southern Xinjiang,China

作　　者：王新[1] 董承光[1] 余渝[1] 马晓梅[1] 黄小芳 田琴[1] 韦轩 周小凤[1] WANG Xin;DONG Chengguang;YU Yu;MA Xiaomei;HUANG Xiaofang;TIAN Qin;WEI Xuan;ZHOU Xiaofeng(Coton Institute,Xinjang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences/Northwest Inland Region Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Analysis and Test Center,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Planning and Finance Department,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所/农业农村部西北内陆区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆农垦科学院分析测试中心,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆农垦科学院计划财务处,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第3期688-698,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题项目(CB2018A10);新疆生产建设兵团农业科技创新专项(NCG202222);新疆生产建设兵团第八师重点研发计划项目(2021NY01)资助。

摘　　要：为验证临界氮浓度在南疆滴灌棉田的稳定性和适应性,明确以氮素吸收(Nuptake)、氮营养指数(NNI)和累积氮亏缺量(N_(and))为指标评价和诊断南疆滴灌棉花适宜氮水平和氮营养状况的准确性。以‘新陆中55号’和‘新陆中78号’棉花品种为试验材料,通过2年定位田间试验,设置5个氮水平(0、75、150、300、450 kg·hm^(-2)),建立基于棉株干物质量(PDM)的南疆滴灌棉花临界氮稀释曲线(PNCc)和基于PNCc的Nuptake、NNI、N_(and)模型及NNI、N_(and)与相对籽棉产量(RY)的估算模型。结果表明:新陆中55号和新陆中78号棉花PNCc、最高(PNC_(max))、最低(PNC_(min))边界稀释模型的相关系数(R2)分别为0.905和0.960、0.919和0.950、0.934和0.969。新陆中55号和新陆中78号临界氮浓度基于1∶1直线的R2、根均方差(RMSE)、相对误差(RE)分别为0.987、0.051 g·kg^(-1)、1.95%和0.984、0.044 g·kg^(-1)、1.91%,模型在年际间具有较好的稳定性和适应性。Nuptake、NNI和N_(and)模型对新陆中55号和新陆中78号适宜氮水平和氮营养状况的评价和诊断结果一致,均以300 kg·hm^(-2)为最佳施氮量,综合氮水平与籽棉产量拟合结果,新陆中55号和新陆中78号理论适宜施氮量分别为322.7、336.4 kg·hm^(-2)。新陆中55号和新陆中78号NNI、N_(and)与RY在不同生育期的R^(2)均大于0.900,NNI、N_(and)与RY的籽棉产量估算模型基于1∶1直线的R2、RMSE、RE分别为0.899~0.989、0.05~0.13、4.1%~9.9%和0.902~0.981、0.04~0.12、5.1%~9.5%,均达到极显著水平。研究结果可为南疆滴灌棉田适宜施氮水平和氮营养状况的评价和诊断及籽棉产量的估算提供一种新路径。The stability and adaptability of the critical nitrogen concentration in drip-irrigated cotton fields in Southern Xinjiang were investigated by measuring the nitrogen uptake(Nuptake),nitrogen nutrition index(NNI),and accumulated nitrogen deficit(N_(and)).A two-year field study was conducted using five nitrogen levels(0,75,150,300,and 450 kg·hm^(-2)),with cotton cultivars‘Xinluzhong55’and‘Xinluzhong78’as the test materials.We analyzed the effects of nitrogen addition on plant dry matter(PDM)and critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves(PNCc).The Nuptake,NNI,and N_(and)models as well as a model of the relationships between NNI,N_(and),and the relative seed cotton yield(RY)were established based on the PNCcfor both cultivars.The results showed that the PNCc,maximum nitrogen concentration(PNC_(max)),and minimum nitrogen concentration(PNC_(min))dilution models in drip-irrigated cotton showed power function relationships with plant dry matter(PDM),with determination coefficients(R~2)of 0.905 and 0.960,0.919 and 0.950,0.934 and 0.969 for Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong78,respectively.Model validation with independent experimental data showed that the critical nitrogen concentrations in cotton grown under drip-irrigated conditions were simulated satisfactorily.The Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong781:1 line R~2,root mean square error(RMSE)and relative estimation error(RE)of the simulated and observed critical nitrogen concentrations were 0.987,0.051 g·kg^(-1),1.95%and 0.984,0.044 g·kg^(-1),1.91%,respectively,showing good stability and adaptability between the two years.According to the Nuptake,NNI,and N_(and)model,we concluded that 300 kg·hm^(-2)was the optimum level of nitrogen application in drip-irrigated cotton in Southern Xinjiang.Based on the fitting results of nitrogen level and seed cotton yield,the theoretical appropriate nitrogen applications for Xinluzhong55 and Xinluzhong78 were 322.7 and 336.4 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The R^(2) of NNI,N_(and)and RY in different growth stages were greater than 0.900,t

关 键 词：临界氮浓度 南疆 滴灌 棉花 氮稀释曲线 氮营养指数 模型 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]