辽西低山棕壤丘陵区小流域泥沙连通性与土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征  

Spatial distribution characteristics of sediment connectivity and soil erosion in small watershed in brown soil hilly region of low mountains in western Liaoning Province,China

作　　者：王佳楠 贾燕锋[1,2] 范昊明 WANG Jia'nan;JIA Yanfeng;FAN Haoming(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 100866,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration in Liaoning Province,Shenyang 100866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳100866 [2]辽宁省水土保持与生态修复重点实验室,沈阳100866

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第3期726-732,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500701);辽宁省科学研究经费项目(科研平台培育项目)(LSNPT202002)资助。

摘　　要：了解土壤侵蚀和泥沙连通性的空间分布特征对制定流域综合管理措施具有重要作用。本研究以辽西低山棕壤丘陵区二道岭小流域为对象,基于InVEST泥沙输移比模型,引入连通性指数和土壤流失模型作为泥沙连通性和土壤侵蚀强度空间分布特征的衡量指标,通过探究不同泥沙连通性等级和土壤侵蚀强度下坡度、坡向和土地利用特征,分析地形、土地利用类型、泥沙连通性和土壤侵蚀之间的关系。结果表明:二道岭小流域泥沙连通性平均值为-3.79,平均土壤侵蚀量为614 t·km^(2)·a^(-1);高连通性主要出现在坡耕地中,较低的连通性主要分布在林草地中;93.3%流域面积的土壤侵蚀强度在中度以下,极强烈以上侵蚀面积仅占流域面积的1.1%。泥沙连通性等级越高,<5°坡度的面积所占比例越高,其余坡度的面积占比相对稳定;耕地面积占比增加,林草地面积占比减少;阴坡面积占比降低,阳坡面积占比增加。随着土壤侵蚀强度的递增,<8°坡度的面积占比增加,其余坡度的面积占比相对稳定;林草地面积占比减少,其他土地利用面积占比增加;阳坡面积占比总体增加,阴坡面积占比总体降低。土地利用是影响该流域土壤侵蚀与泥沙连通性响应关系的关键因素。Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion and sediment connectivity is important for formulating integrated watershed management measures.Based on the InVEST sediment delivery ratio model,we used the connectivity index and soil loss model to measure the spatial distribution characteristics of sediment connectivity and soil erosion in Erdaoling watershed of brown soil hilly region of low mountains in western Liaoning.By exploring slope,aspect and land use characteristics under different sediment connectivity levels and soil erosion levels,we analyzed the relationships among topography,land use,sediment connectivity,and soil erosion.The results showed that the average sediment connectivity in the watershed was-3.79,and that the average soil erosion was 614 t·km^(2)·a^(-1).High connectivity was mainly found in sloping farmland,while low connectivity was mainly found in forest and grassland.The soil erosion intensity of 93.3%of the watershed area was below moderate,with only 1.1%of the area being above extremely strong.The higher the sediment connectivity level,the higher the proportion of the area<5°slope,while the area proportion of the rest slope was relatively stable.The proportion of cultivated land area increased,while the proportion of forest and grassland land area decreased.The area proportion on negative slope decreased,while that on positive slope increased.With increasing soil erosion intensity,the area proportion of slope<8°increased and the area proportion of the rest slope was relatively stable.The proportion of forest and grassland area decreased,while the proportion of other land use area increased.The proportion of slope area on positive slope increased,while that on negative slope decreased.Land use was a key factor influencing the spatial response relationship between soil erosion and sediment connectivity in this watershed.

关 键 词：泥沙连通性 土壤侵蚀 地形 土地利用 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]