甘蔗黑穗病的微生物防治研究进展  

Research progress on microbial control of sugarcane smut

作　　者：陶新 夏世斌[1] 刘秋梅 李德军[2] 何寻阳[2] TAO Xin;XIA Shibin;LIU Qiumei;LI Dejun;HE Xunyang(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculure,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第3期846-852,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870503);广西“八桂学者”项目资助。

摘　　要：甘蔗是最重要的糖料作物,但甘蔗黑穗病是导致甘蔗产量降低和品质损失的最主要病害之一,严重影响糖产业的可持续健康发展。微生物防控甘蔗黑穗病是近年来快速兴起的绿色防控技术,具有环境相容性高、培肥土壤等优势。本文主要阐明了引发甘蔗黑穗病的甘蔗鞭黑粉菌特性及其侵染原理,分析了以生物有机肥和生物农药为主的甘蔗黑穗病微生物防治研究现状,系统梳理了微生物通过分泌拮抗物质、竞争营养物质和生态位、诱导植物产生系统抗性等途径抑制甘蔗黑穗病发生的作用机制,并提出了当前甘蔗黑穗病的微生物防治技术应用存在的生防菌定殖能力差和生防效果不佳问题。最后,从提高微生物高效防控甘蔗黑穗病的角度展望了未来研究的重点方向,以期为甘蔗黑穗病微生物防治研究及糖产业的健康发展提供参考。Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop. Sugarcane smut is one of the major diseases, which could reduce sugarcane yield and quality and seriously threaten the sustainable and healthy development of sugar industry. Microbial control of sugarcane smut is a rapidly emerging green biocontrol technology, with advantage to increase environmental compatibility and soil fertility. In this review, we briefly described the characteristics of Sporisorium scitamineum which causes sugarcane smut, synthesized the the mechanisms underlying the infection of sugarcane by S. scitamineum, and presented the research status of microbial controls of sugarcane smut via the application of bio-organic fertilizers and biopesticides. We then reviewed the mechanisms underlying the suppression of sugarcane smut by microorganisms through competition with pathogens for nutrients and ecological niches, secreting antagonistic substances, and improving plant resistance. It is notable that there are still some problems in the application of microbial control technologies, including poor colonization ability and unstable biocontrol efficiency. Finally, the major directions of future research on the biocontrol of sugarcane smut were proposed from the perspective of improving the biocontrol efficiency. This review would benefit the microbial control of sugarcane smut and the healthy development of sugar industry.

关 键 词：甘蔗鞭黑粉菌 侵染原理 生防微生物 防治机理 

分 类 号：S435.661[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]