20W@80K空间大冷量脉冲管制冷机试验研究  

Experimental Study of 20W@80K High Capacity Pulse Tube Cryocooler for Space Application

作　　者：张广伟 王乃亮 荀玉强[1,2] 蔡京辉 ZHANG Guangwei;WANG Nailiang;XUN Yuqiang;CAI Jinghui(Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;Key Laboratory of Technology on Space Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院空间功热转换技术重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第2期245-250,共6页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52106036,2009ZYHG0003);国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0504600,2018YFB0504603)资助项目。

摘　　要：空间应用对于80K温区的冷量需求日益增加,然而国内空间大冷量脉冲管制冷机的研究起步较晚,目前制冷机的冷量不能满足红外探测的发展需求。为了进一步提高脉冲管制冷机的制冷量,研制了一台由线性压缩机驱动的小型脉冲管制冷机。通过试验研究了调相机构、充气压力、输入功率等因素对脉冲管制冷机制冷性能的影响规律,并测试了降温速率,探究了调相机构对压缩机输出功率的影响等。研制出的制冷机在输入电功率为350 W,热端温度为300 K时,在80 K获得了20.5 W的制冷量,整机的相对卡诺效率达到了16.1%。To meet the increasing demands of the high capacity cryocoolers used in space applications, a high-capacity pulse tube cryocooler has been successfully developed by the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry(TIPC). This cryocooler is driven by a linear compressor which consists of two dual-opposed pistons. The effects of inertance tube assembly, working pressure and input electrical power on the cooling performance of pulse tube cryocooler were studied by experiments. When the operating frequency is 50 Hz and the mean working pressure is 3.5 MPa for helium gas, the high efficiency pulse tube cryocooler achieves a no-load temperature of about 34 K. When the input power is 350 W and the reject temperature is 300 K, the cooling performance of the pulse tube cryocooler is 20.5 W at 80 K, and the relative Carnot efficiency of the whole cryocooler reaches 16.1%.

关 键 词：20W@80K 脉冲管 大冷量 空间 同轴 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程]