环境因素对扁秆荆三棱生理生态特征影响的研究进展  

Progress on the Effects of Environmental Factors on Physiological and Ecological Characteristics of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

作　　者：王铃茜 高英志 何春光[2] 安雨[1] 张红香[1] WANG Lingxi;GAO Yingzhi;HE Chunguang;AN Yu;ZHANG Hongxiang(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,P.R.China;State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]东北师范大学国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《湿地科学》2023年第1期122-130,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项项目(2019FY100601);国家自然科学基金项目(32271624)资助。

摘　　要：扁秆荆三棱(Bolboschoenus planiculmis)是中国东北内陆盐沼的优势植物,其地下球茎是水禽的主要食物来源,它是退化湿地恢复重建的重要物种。综述了水文、盐碱条件、养分水平等非生物因素和竞争等生物因素对其生长的影响,以期理解扁秆荆三棱的环境适应策略,为扁秆荆三棱的保护利用和退化湿地恢复提供重要科学依据。在适宜的水分条件下,扁秆荆三棱能够维持正常的生长和生命活动,而在较高的水位条件下,其生物量的积累减少,分配更倾向于地上部分。较低的土壤含盐量有利于扁秆荆三棱的生长,当含盐量超过其耐受范围,扁秆荆三棱的株高、根直径、球茎数、生物量等都显著降低;碱性盐比中性盐对其生长的负面影响更大。由于扁秆荆三棱具有克隆生长习性,其对高养分和异质性环境具有很强的适应性。未来研究除了应聚焦环境因素变化和水体富营养化对扁秆荆三棱生长、分布和生理生态特征的影响,还应加强扁秆荆三棱地下根系、球茎和根茎性状的研究;在群落水平上,应重点开展扁杆荆三棱种内竞争、种间竞争、物种共存机制以及扁秆荆三棱与土壤动物、微生物的相互作用方面的研究。Bolboschoenus planiculmis is a dominant plant in the inland salt marshes in northeast China.Its underground bulbs provide a major food source for waterfowl,and it is an important species for the restoration and regeneration of degraded wetlands.Here we report the effects of abiotic factors including hydrology,soil pH,nutrient levels,and the impacts of species competition on these plants to understand the environmental adaptation strategies exhibited by Bolboschoenus planiculmis.These finding and adaptations are useful information for conservation and effective utilization of Bolboschoenus planiculmis for restoration of degraded wetlands.Bolboschoenus planiculmis can maintain normal growth and life activities under the suitable water conditions,and decreases the biomass accumulation and more prone to aboveground distribution with the increase of water level.The relatively low salinity level had a stimulating effect on the overall growth of Bolboschoenus planiculmis.When the salinity exceeds its tolerance range,the average plant height,root diameter,number of bulbs and dry biomass decrease significantly.Additionally,alkaline salts have a greater negative effect on their growth than neutral salts.Bolboschoenus planiculmis is better suited to habitats with high nutrient availability and heterogeneous environments due to its clonal propagation trait.Future research should focus on the impacts of changing environmental factors and water eutrophication on the growth,distribution,and physiological and ecological characteristics of Bolboschoenus planiculmis.Studies on underground roots,bulbs and rhizomes and the relationship between intraspecific and interspecific competition and the interaction with soil animals and microorganisms should also be strengthened.

关 键 词：扁秆藨草 淹水 盐碱胁迫 土壤异质性 潮汐作用 竞争 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]