俄乌冲突下美国对华次级制裁的违法性分析及对策研究  

Analysis of the Illegality and Countermeasures of U.S.Secondary Sanctions Against China under the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

作　　者：郑玲丽[1,2] 侯宇锋 Zheng Lingli;Hou Yufeng

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院 [2]中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2023年第1期83-97,共15页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神国家社科基金重点项目“推动构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体的国际法规范体系建设研究”(21AZD092);研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社科基金重点项目“国家安全视域下中国涉外经贸法律规则体系完善研究”(20AZD053)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：俄乌冲突爆发以来,增加了美国对华次级制裁的可能性。次级制裁位于国际关系和国际法的灰色边缘地带,美国对外单边经济制裁主要依据国内法,涉嫌违反系列国际法规则。就条约国际法而言,美国次级制裁一则没有得到安理会决议授权,有违《联合国宪章》,二则涉嫌违反WTO、NAFTA等条约规定的义务。根据习惯国际法,次级制裁突破了传统管辖原则且背离了国家主权平等及不干涉内政原则。反对次级制裁在内的单边经济制裁自身,有可能成为一种新的国际习惯。面对俄乌冲突下美国对华次级制裁的风险,中国为维护国家利益,应在法律层面予以充分反制,并深化国际合作以联合他国力量。同时,企业在进行海外投资时也应注意规避次级制裁所带来的投资风险,在面对争议时应善用救济途径维护自身合法权益。Since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the US secondary sanctions against China have been at the highest level in history.Secondary sanctions are located in the marginal area.The US unilateral economic sanctions are mainly based on domestic laws and deviate from the principles and rules of the international law.Under the treaty law,the United States secondary sanctions are not authorized by the Security Council resolution and violate the UN Charter,and those are also suspected of violating obligations under the WTO and NAFTA.According to the customary international law,secondary sanctions break traditional jurisdictional principles and deviate from the principles of sovereign equality of states and non-interference in internal affairs.Opposition to unilateral economic sanctions,including secondary sanctions,is more likely to become a new international custom.Facing the risk of secondary sanctions by the United States under the Russia-Ukraine conflict,China should take legal countermeasures in order to safeguard its national interests,and at the same time deepen international cooperation to unite the forces of other countries.Enterprises should also pay attention to avoiding investment risks brought by secondary sanctions when making overseas investments,and should also make good use of remedies to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests in the face of disputes.

关 键 词：俄乌冲突 次级制裁 域外管辖 违法性 反制 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]