备战2024巴黎奥运会:ABS塑料乒乓球时代世界优秀运动员的技战术分析  

Preparation for 2024 Paris Olympic Games: Analysis of the Technical and Tactical Characteristics of the World’s Elite Players by UsingABS Table Tennis Ball

作　　者：孔令轩 丁宁[2] 吴飞[2] KONG Lingxuan;DING Ning;WU Fei(Department of Physical Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Department of Physical Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学体育系,上海2200240 [2]北京大学体育教研部,北京100871

出　　处：《体育与科学》2023年第2期100-109,共10页Sports & Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“大数据时代下‘智慧+健康校园’的研究与构建”,项目号:20YJA890024。

摘　　要：东京奥运周期乒乓球使用ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)塑料材质,导致国外乒乓球运动员对中国乒乓球运动员造成了较大的冲击,在此背景下结合里约奥运周期(乒乓球材质为醋酸纤维素)运动员技战术特征,进一步探讨ABS塑料球时代世界优秀乒乓球运动员的技战术变化特点,为备战巴黎奥运会做技战术准备。采用四段指标评估法、多元回归和通径分析模型对国际乒坛三大赛事,即奥运会、世界锦标赛、世界杯中男子(78场,4068回合)、女子(66场,3032回合)关键轮次比赛的双方运动员的技战术表现进行分析。男子四段技战术多元回归标准化系数分别为0.434、0.444、0.359、0.318,女子为0.401、0.403、0.281、0.262;男子四段通径分析中直接效应大于间接总效应;女子通径分析中发抢段和接抢段直接效应(0.401、0.403)小于间接总效应(0.477、0.482)。结论:ABS塑料球时代男、女优秀运动员各段技战术能力对比赛结果影响程度的排序均为:接抢段>发抢段>相持Ⅰ段>相持Ⅱ段;相比醋酸纤维素时代,ABS时代接发球反手拧拉技术间接地提升了发抢段的重要程度,同时相持Ⅱ段的重要程度有所提高;男子四段技战术的“独立性”相对较强,技战术表现更加全面;女子的发抢段和接抢段对相持的累积传递效应高于男子,抢攻意识有所增强。ABS plastic(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)material is used for table tennis in the Tokyo Olympics cycle, and foreign table tennis players have caused a great impact on Chinese table tennis players. In this context, the technical and tactical characteristics of the world’s elite table tennis players in the ABS plastic ball era were combined with the technical and tactical characteristics of the cellulose acetate era to further explore the characteristics of the technical and tactical changes. The four phase index assessment method, multiple regressions and path analysis models were used to analyze the technical and tactical performance of both players in key rounds of the three major international table tennis tournaments, the Olympic Games, the World Championship and the World Cup for men(78 matches, 4068 rounds) and women(66 matches, 3032 rounds). The standardized coefficients of multiple regressions for men’s four phase technical and tactical performance were 0.434, 0.444, 0.359 and 0.318, respectively, 0.401, 0.403, 0.281 and 0.262 for women’s;the direct effects(0.401, 0.403) of the attack after receive and attack after serve phase in the women’s throughput score were smaller than the total indirect effects(0.477, 0.482). Conclusion: The ranking of the degree of influence of the technical and tactical ability of each phase on the match results for both male and female elite athletes in the ABS plastic ball era was: attack after receive phase> attack after serve phase >rally I phase > rally Ⅱ phase;compared with the cellulose acetate era, the ABS era receiving and serving backhand twisting and pulling technique indirectly increased the importance of the serving phase, while the importance of the rally Ⅱ phase increased;The “independence” of men’s fourth section technique and tactics is relatively strong, and the performance of technique and tactics is more comprehensive. The cumulative transfer effect of the female to the stalemate was higher than that of the male, and the consciousness of t

关 键 词：ABS塑料乒乓球 四段评估 技战术 多元线性回归 通径分析 

分 类 号：G846[文化科学—体育训练]