寻找互联网之母——互联网历史流行叙事的祛魅和浪漫主义想象的纠偏  

Finding the Mother of the Internet——The Disenchantment of Popular Narratives in Internet History and the Correction of Romantic Imagination

作　　者：方兴东 钟祥铭[3] Fang Xingdong;Zhong Xiangming

机构地区：[1]浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院 [2]浙江大学社会治理研究院,杭州310012 [3]浙江传媒学院互联网与社会研究院,杭州310018

出　　处：《新闻春秋》2023年第1期36-52,共17页Journalism Evolution

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金重大专项(批准号:21VGQ006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：互联网不仅定义了当今人们的生存空间与发展境遇,甚至影响了整个时代的特征。但迄今为止,围绕互联网历史的学术研究却依然乏善可陈。基于想象和浪漫化的历史叙事主导着人们对互联网起源的认知,如美国军方为了防止核打击的军事起源说,以及由反主流文化影响和主导的叙事。20世纪90年代后互联网缔造的商业神话迄今还在发酵,使得从50年代开启的互联网萌芽和60年代互联网诞生,以及70年代奠定基础架构和应用培育的漫长的互联网真实“出身”,并没有得到客观的认知。为此,本文致力于追溯历史,超越军事、文化和商业等互联网历史的三种流行叙事,挖掘科学共同体在互联网早期历史中的全方位作用,认为科学共同体才是真正的互联网之母。它不仅奠定了互联网的基础技术和基本架构,还奠定了在今天依然处于主导的网络治理机制和互联网价值观,互联网精神的内核实际上就是追求“让人类更美好”的科学精神。客观还原互联网历史才能真正认识互联网独特的开放性,真正理解互联网的本质。互联网历史的正本清源,对互联网历史的重新认知,对于我们重新认识互联网,重新思考互联网今天面临的机遇与挑战,至关重要。这不仅仅关乎互联网的未来,也直接关乎数字文明的未来和人类的未来。The Internet not only defines the living space and development situation of people today,but also affects the characteristics of the entire era.There is no technology application in human history that is more important than the Internet.Academic research surrounding the history of the Internet has so far been lackluster.Imaginative and romanticized historical narratives dominate people's perception of the origins of the Internet,such as the military origins of the U.S.military to prevent nuclear strikes,and narratives influenced and dominated by countercultures.The business myth created by the Internet after the 1990s is still fermenting,not giving people an objective understanding of the history of Internet.The Internet germinated from the 1950s,the birth of the Internet in the 1960s,and the long-term Internet that established the infrastructure and applications in the 197Os.To this end,this paper is devoted to tracing the history,going beyond the three popular narratives of Internet history,such as military,cultural and commercial,to explore the all-round role of the scientific community in the early and long history of the Internet,and argue that the scientific community is the true mother of the Internet.It not only laid the basic technology and basic structure of the Internet,but also laid the network governance mechanism and Internet values that are still dominant today.The core of the Internet spirit is actually the pursuit of the scientific spirit of"making mankind better".Only by objectively restoring the history of the Internet can we truly understand the unique openness of the Internet and truly understand the essence of the Internet.It is very important for us to re-understand the Internet and rethink the opportunities and challenges facing the Internet today.It is not only about the future of the Internet,but also directly about the future of digital civilization and the future of mankind.

关 键 词：互联网史 科学共同体 互联网之母 反主流文化 阿帕网 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]