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作 者:翟洪江[1] 石悦 张美玲[1] Zhai Hongjiang;Shi Yue;Zhang Meiling(Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150030)
出 处:《中外能源》2023年第2期1-10,共10页Sino-Global Energy
基 金:国家社会科学基金重点项目“乡村振兴水平评价与战略驱动机制研究”(编号:18AJY016)。
摘 要:英国自20世纪90年代即开展燃料贫困治理,形成了较为完备的燃料贫困治理政策体系。英国对燃料贫困的认识是一个逐步深入的过程。最开始从家庭燃料的可负担能力理解燃料贫困,采用燃料支出10%标准识别燃料贫困。随着燃料价格的提高,英国政府逐步认识到燃料贫困并不等同于收入贫困,只有燃料支出高、收入低的家庭才属于燃料贫困家庭,于是开始采用“低收入-高费用”(LIHC)标准识别燃料贫困。之后由于净零碳排放战略的深入实施,英国又意识到提高燃料贫困家庭能效是解决燃料贫困的关键,由此又采用“低收入-低能效”(LILEE)标准来识别燃料贫困。英国政府提出“使尽可能多的燃料贫困家庭在2030年之前达到C级能效标准”的战略目标,并为此出台了提高燃料贫困家庭能效等级、减轻燃料贫困家庭能源费用负担、保护脆弱家庭在能源市场上的权益等方面的政策,以综合治理燃料贫困。中国在2020年底已消除绝对贫困,可以考虑将燃料贫困作为下一阶段贫困治理的目标之一。在“双碳”目标背景下开展燃料贫困治理,对贫困治理与碳减排战略均具有重要意义。建议将燃料贫困治理与碳中和战略有机结合,建立符合中国国情的燃料贫困识别标准,构建多主体、多元化的燃料贫困治理体系。The UK has been tackling fuel poverty since the 1990s and has formed a relatively complete policy system for fuel poverty governance.Its understanding of fuel poverty is a gradual process.Fuel poverty was initially understood in terms of household fuel affordability and identified by the 10% standard,i.e.,the proportion of fuel expenditure in income.With the increase in fuel price,the British government gradually realized that fuel poverty was not equal to income poverty and only families with high fuel expenditure and low income can be classified as fuel poverty families,so it began to use the Low Income High Cost(LIHC) standard to identify fuel poverty.Later,due to the in-depth implementation of the net-zero carbon emission strategy,the UK realized that improving the energy efficiency of fuel poverty families was the key to solving fuel poverty.Therefore,the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency(LILEE) standard was adopted to identify fuel poverty.The British government proposed the strategic goal of making as many fuel poverty families as possible meet the Grade C energy efficiency standard by 2030.To this end,it introduced policies to improve the energy efficiency level of fuel poverty families,reduce the energy cost burden of fuel poverty families,and protect the rights and interests of vulnerable families in the energy market,so as to comprehensively tackle fuel poverty.Having eliminated absolute poverty by the end of 2020,China may consider taking fuel poverty as one of the targets for the next stage of poverty control.Carrying out fuel poverty governance in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is of great significance for poverty governance and carbon emission re-duction strategies.It is recommended to organically combine fuel poverty governance with carbon neutrality strategy,establish fuel poverty identification standards that meet China ’ s national conditions,and build a multi-agent and diversified fuel poverty governance system.
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