界面电荷错配增强含能晶体高效能量释放及安全性  

Interfacial charge mismatch enhanced energetic crystals for efficient energy-release and improved safety

作　　者：屈延洲 张孟华 李刚 杨欣如 邓绍聪 巩飞艳 赵煦 杨志剑 Yanzhou Qu;Menghua Zhang;Gang Li;Xinru Yang;Shaocong Deng;Feiyan Gong;Xu Zhao;Zhijian Yang(Institute of Chemical Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,China;Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute,Chongqing 400039,China)

机构地区：[1]Institute of Chemical Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,China [2]Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute,Chongqing 400039,China

出　　处：《Science China Materials》2023年第4期1632-1640,共9页中国科学（材料科学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22105186);the National Natural Science Joint Safety Foundation(U2030202);the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875232)for the thermal and kinetic analysis。

摘　　要：协同增强能量释放及安全性能对于含能晶体如3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)及高氯酸铵(AP)具有重要意义.然而,NTO与AP的进一步应用受限于其缓慢的能量释放速率、较高的分解温度以及较差的安全性能.本文采用了一种液氮限域结晶策略,获得了氧化石墨烯(GO)改性的NTO及AP基含能复合材料.GO的层状特性使其可作为复合物中的润滑剂,显著提升了机械安全性能.此外,GO的大量活性官能团可作为NTO与AP限域结晶的活性位点.理论研究表明,GO与含能晶体之间发生了一种界面电荷错配效应.所得LN-NTO@GO及LN-AP@GO与未改性的样品相比,其放热分解温度分别提升了18.2和70.1℃,分解动力学也显著加快.通过构筑催化剂与含能晶体之间的界面电荷错配,有望为含能材料释能效应及安全性改进提供新的路线.The synergistic enhancement of energy-release and safety performance is significant for energetic crystals(ECs),such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)and ammonium perchlorate(AP).However,the sluggish energy-release kinetics,high decomposition temperature,and unsatisfied safety performance have plagued the high-efficiency applications of NTO and AP.Herein,graphene oxide(GO)was utilized to ameliorate the physicochemical features and performance characteristics of NTO and AP using a confined crystallization strategy in liquid nitrogen(LN-NTO@GO and LN-AP@GO).Lamellar GO could act as a lubricant,leading to an excellent improvement in mechanical safety performance.Besides,many functional groups in GO could act as building blocks and active sites for the confined crystallization of ECs.Theoretical investigations indicate an interfacial charge mismatch at the GO-EC interface.The asobtained LN-NTO@GO and LN-AP@GO energetic nanocomposites demonstrate promoted exothermic decomposition temperatures of 18.2 and 70.1℃with substantially accelerated kinetics compared with pristine counterparts and samples crystallized naturally.Reasonable interfacial engineering by interfacial charge mismatch between the catalyst and ECs would break new grounds for designing fast energy-release and safe operation of energetic materials.

关 键 词：分解动力学 能量释放 活性官能团 界面电荷 错配 分解温度 含能材料 活性位点 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]