高分子纳米材料用于口服胰岛素递送体系  

Polymeric Nanomaterials Used in Oral Insulin Delivery Systems

作　　者：马品品 熊向源 MA Pin-pin;XIONG Xiang-yuan(College of Life Sciences,Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2023年第2期43-53,共11页China Biotechnology

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20212ACB206003)资助项目。

摘　　要：皮下注射胰岛素是控制血糖水平最有效的方法,在1型和晚期2型糖尿病患者的治疗中起着至关重要的作用。然而频繁的皮下注射给患者带来了极大的痛苦,因此,针对糖尿病的治疗,目前更倾向采用口服疗法。口服胰岛素可以模拟生理胰岛素的分泌,并对肝脏葡萄糖代谢提供更全面的调节,但胃肠道的吸收不良极大地阻碍了胰岛素口服给药的发展。纳米药物递送系统(nanoscale drug delivery systems,NDDS)的快速发展增加了胰岛素口服给药的可能性。高分子纳米材料是NDDS中一类重要的载体材料,已被广泛用于促进胰岛素口服吸收的研究。它具有生物降解性、生物相容性和储存稳定性等优点,并且其分子链长易于改性、修饰和加工成型。高分子纳米材料可以保护包裹的胰岛素不受酸性变性和酶降解的影响,促进细胞对胰岛素的摄取,从而提高胰岛素的生物利用度。讨论了口服胰岛素的主要生理障碍,总结了近几年用于口服胰岛素递送的高分子纳米材料的研究进展。Subcutaneous insulin is the most effective way to control blood sugar levels and plays a crucial role in the treatment of patients with type I and advanced type II diabetes.However,frequent subcutaneous injections bring great pain to patients,so for the treatment of diabetes,oral therapy is preferred at present.Oral insulin can mimic physiological insulin secretion and provide more comprehensive regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism,but the development of oral insulin administration is greatly hampered by gastrointestinal malabsorption.The rapid development nanoscale drug delivery systems(NDDS)of has increased the possibility of oral insulin.Polymeric nanomaterials are important carrier materials in NDDS,which have been widely used to promote oral insulin absorption.They have the advantages of biodegradability,biocompatibility and storage stability,and their molecular chain is long and the structure is easy to be changed,modified and processed.The polymeric nanomaterials can protect the encapsulated insulin from the effects of acid denaturation and enzymatic degradation,promote the uptake of insulin by cells,and thus improve the bioavailability of insulin.This review discusses the main physiological obstacles to oral insulin and summarizes the research progress of polymer nanomaterials for oral insulin delivery in recent years.

关 键 词：糖尿病 高分子纳米粒子 药物递送系统 口服胰岛素 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]