基于InGaAs NFAD的集成型低噪声近红外单光子探测器  

Integrated low-noise near-infrared single-photon detector based on InGaAs NFAD(invited)

作　　者：董亚魁 刘俊良[1,2] 孙林山 李永富 范书振[1,2] 高亮 刘兆军[1,3] 赵显 Dong Yakui;Liu Junliang;Sun Linshan;Li Yongfu;Fan Shuzhen;Gao Liang;Liu Zhaojun;Zhao Xian(Key Laboratory of Laser&Infrared System(Shandong University),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266237,China;Center for Optics Research and Engineering(CORE),Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;School of Information Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学激光与红外系统集成技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266237 [2]山东大学光学高等研究中心,山东青岛266237 [3]山东大学信息科学与工程学院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2023年第3期80-87,共8页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022 MF323);山东省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(ZR2022 LLZ002);中国博士后科学基金(2022 M711896);山东大学自研自制仪器设备培育项目(zy202004)。

摘　　要：近年来,单光子探测技术在激光雷达等方面的应用越来越受到研究人员的关注。研制了基于InGaAs负反馈雪崩二极管(Negative Feedback Avalanche Diode,NFAD)的自由运转式集成型近红外单光子探测器。设计将被动淬灭原理的NFAD与主动淬灭技术结合,针对NFAD的信号读出电路易受电磁干扰的问题,创新地提出了无前级放大器的雪崩信号高阻抗差分提取电路,并采用吸波材料对关键电路部分进行了屏蔽,同时提高了淬灭性能和稳定性。此外,为了降低暗噪声计数率,针对集成制冷型NFAD器件的散热进行了详细的热设计,对集成热电制冷的NFAD器件和高速淬灭电路发热量较大的特点进行了电路和散热结构设计优化。通过实验对淬灭电路性能、散热设计和抗干扰设计进行了验证。结果表明:无前置放大器设计的探测器性能稳定,对1550 nm波长光子的最高探测效率可达33%,在-50℃、10%探测效率时可用死时间低至120 ns,此时暗计数率890 Hz,后脉冲概率10.6%。探测器散热性能良好,环境20℃风冷下的最低制冷温度可稳定在-58℃。上述结果表明这一低噪声计数、高集成度的通信波段近红外单光子探测器尤其适用于对性能和环境空间要求更严苛的应用场合。Objective Single-photon detection technology has attracted attention of researchers increasingly in recent years.The development of negative feedback avalanche diode(NFAD)which integrates a quenching resistor for fast quenching has greatly lessened the afterpulsing effects in InGaAs/InP based near-infrared single-photon detectors.Moreover,the integration of the thermal-electric cooler(TEC)with the NFAD has made the detector small in size and low in power consumption.However,the integration of the quenching resistor with large resistance reduces the amplitude of the avalanche current output to tens ofμA.Though it can be read out using a broadband pre-amplifier,the long bonding wire of the TEC-integrated NFAD makes it prone to electro-magnetic interference.In addition,the large parasitic inductance and capacitance of the long bonding wire,combined with the low amplitude of the avalanche signal,makes it hard to cancel the noise induced by the capacitive response of the recovery signal of the NFAD,and hence it is difficult to use active-quenching circuits for better performance.Therefore,it is required to design a sophisticated circuit to solve the problems above to facilitate the application of the NFAD-based single-photon detector.Methods An integrated free-running InGaAs near-infrared single-photon detector was developed based on negative feedback avalanche diode(NFAD).In order to tackle with the problem that the readout of the avalanche current is prone to interference when using an amplifier,a high-impedance differential circuit without pre-amplifier was proposed for avalanche signal extraction.By introducing a specially designed resistive-capacitive network and signaling,the active-quenching technique was successfully combined with NFAD and was able to work stably.In addition,shielding material was applied to the amplifier-free readout circuitry for further interference shielding.The design above enhanced the quenching performance and stability of the detector at the same time.Moreover,in order to lower the da

关 键 词：单光子雪崩二极管 负反馈雪崩二极管 单光子探测 近红外 主动淬灭 

分 类 号：TN247[电子电信—物理电子学]