面向分选的退役锂电池拆解设备与工艺研究  

Research on Decommissioned Lithium Battery Disassembly Equipment and Technology for Separation

作　　者：康飞 孙峙[1,2] 卢雄辉 KANG Fei;SUN Zhi;LU Xionghui(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Process Pollution Control,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院绿色过程制造创新研究院,中国科学院过程工程研究所,绿色过程与工程重点实验室,北京市过程污染控制工程技术研究中心,国家基础学科公共科学数据中心,北京100190

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2023年第2期124-132,共9页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874269,51934006);中国科学院绿色过程制造创新研究院项目(LAGM-2019-A15);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRM-CN-2020-1);中国科学院化学化工科学数据中心能力建设项目(WX145XQ07-12)。

摘　　要：针对现有退役锂离子电池外壳破碎分选工艺流程繁琐、产品价值低等问题,提出了电池材料预分类归集,进而实现电池各组元物料高效分选的工艺,以18650圆柱电池为研究对象,采用激光选区切割的锂电池精细化拆解方案,通过研发电池单体环切与轴向断面条件下的壳芯分离工艺,设计一款锂离子电池外壳全自动拆解设备,经有限元分析对关键的外壳挡板机构进行优化,并对所得卷芯进行破碎分选,定量检测正负极黑粉中各金属元素含量。结果表明,该设备能够实现壳芯精准分离,全效去除外壳,大幅改善现有预处理工艺过程中的粉尘、燃爆、腐蚀等环境危害。卷芯经破碎分选所得正负极黑粉中铁杂质含量为0.015%,显著提升了黑粉产品质量,避免外壳杂质参与后续湿法工艺,缩短锂电池处理流程。The spent lithium-ion battery shell crushing and sorting technology has the problems of cumbersome process and low product value.In order to realize the efficient separation process of battery components,the pre-classification and collection of battery materials is proposed.18650 cylindrical batteries are taken as the research object,and a fine dismantling scheme for lithium battery is adopted by selective laser cutting.The shell and core separation process of the condition of single cell ring cutting and axial section is developed,design an automatic dismantling equipment for lithium ion battery shell.The key shell baffle mechanism is optimized by finite element analysis,and the jelly roll is broken and sorted,and the content of each metal element in positive and negative black powder is quantitatively detected.The results show that the device can accurately separate the shell core and remove the shell effectively.It can greatly improve the existing pretreatment process of dust,explosion,corrosion and other envi ronmental hazards.The content of iron impurities in the positive and negative black powder obtained by crushing and separation of jelly roll is 0.015%.Significantly improve the quality of black powder products,avoid shell impurities involved in the subsequent wet process,and shorten the lithium battery processing process.

关 键 词：退役锂电池 精细化拆解 高效分选 短流程 

分 类 号：TD463[矿业工程—矿山机电]