城市社会空间结构及其演变——从芝加哥、洛杉矶到上海  

Measuring urban-rural integration level in Nanjing based on multi-source data

作　　者：古荭欢 孙斌栋 Gu Honghuan;Sun Bindong(Research center for China Administrative Division,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Institute of Eco-Chongming,East China Normal University,Shanghai 202162,China;The Future City Lab,East China Normal University,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心,上海200241 [2]崇明生态研究院,上海202162 [3]华东师范大学未来城市实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第2期185-196,共12页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071210);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(21YJCZH033);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M691019);中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学新文科创新平台(2022ECNU-XWK-XK001)资助。

摘　　要：源自西方的现代城市理论显然无法解释以中国为代表的“全球南方”城市的全部特征。为了使城市理论具有更大的包容性,以城市社会空间分析为例,聚焦高、中、低3类社会/收入阶层的空间格局与演化这一主题,对中国上海、美国芝加哥和洛杉矶3座典型城市进行对比研究,尝试在捕捉地方性特征的同时提炼有关社会空间的普适性规律,为理论体系补充新的认知。研究表明,与美国“外高内低”的社会空间模式截然相反,中国城市呈现出“内高外低”的典型特征;在演化趋势上,美国城市体现为以低社会阶层邻里扩张为主的“社会空间下沉”,同时在历史悠久的大城市出现了高社会阶层群体向中心城内核的回流,而中国城市则呈现以中等收入邻里扩张为主的“社会空间上升”,同时伴随着中心城区内核少许高收入居民的外流。中美城市社会空间结构的差异源自两国社会经济因素的差别,但都遵循一些共同规律:各国的城市社会空间结构是与城市化阶段相对应的;其差异和演变都可以采用城郊的人口吸引力和交通可达性这样的统一分析框架来理解;背后深层次的动力机制是相同的,本质上都反映了社会地位不均衡在空间上的映射,是优势群体主导区位竞争的空间体现。The traditional urban-rural integration level measurement research is less involved inside the administrative units of cities and counties,leading to a lack of more refined cognition of urban-rural relations.For metropolis areas,the spatial development model of central urban areas and suburbs also needs to be further analyzed.This paper uses muti-source data to innovate the ideas and methods of measuring urban-rural integration level in metropolis,and construct an evaluation system composed of urban development level,land intensive level,facility equalization level and urban-rural connection level.Based on this,we carry out the quantitatively evaluation by coupling coordination degree and bisecting K-means clustering algorithm,and the metropolis Nanjing is taken as the empirical analysis object.The results of analysis show that,firstly,the spatial distribution of the coupling coordination degree of the urban-rural integration system in Nanjing presents a cobweb structure with both circle diffusion and pole-axis diffusion type.Secondly,the distribution characteristics of the development level of each subsystem is different to some extent.Among them,the extensive use of land and the shortcomings of facility are the key factors restricting the further improvement of the coordinated development areas.The areas with unbalanced development are mostly limited by the traffic location and have relatively weak urban-rural connection,thus the development motivation is insufficient.Thirdly,the clustering characteristics of different indexes are obvious,showing four levels of urban area,urban fringe,small town and rural area and with nine types.The urban fringe level can be subdivided into three types:new town,suburb subcity and countryside park,and the rural area level includes four types of villages:urban-radiated,sightseeing and leisure,densely populated,and remote and independent.The conclusions will provide a reference for the evaluation and spatial development strategies of urban-rural integration in metropolis.

关 键 词：比较研究 城市社会空间 上海 芝加哥 洛杉矶 

分 类 号：K915[历史地理—人文地理学]