郑州市绿地草坪重要植物寄生线虫鉴定  

Species identification of plant parasitic nematodes in turf in Zhengzhou City

作　　者：王毓琦 滑夏 任豪豪 陈昆圆 蒋士君[1] 孟颢光[1] 杨志辉[2] 崔江宽 Wang Yuqi;Hua Xia;Ren Haohao;Chen Kunyuan;Jiang Shijun;Meng Haoguang;Yang Zhihui;Cui Jiangkuan(College of Plant Protection,Henan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Plant Protection Hebei Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学植物保护学院/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]河北农业大学植物保护学院

出　　处：《植物检疫》2023年第2期46-54,共9页Plant Quarantine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801717);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22B210004);河南农业大学作物学科合作研究基金(CCSR2022-1)。

摘　　要：郑州市部分绿地草坪草存在植株矮小,长势衰弱,叶片枯黄等现象,推测其可能受植物线虫危害。为明确危害郑州市绿地草坪草的寄生线虫种类以及分布情况,2020—2021年,从郑州市12县/区辖区内的30个公园绿地随机采集136份草坪草疑似发病样品。采用浅盘法和漂浮法分离样品中的植物线虫,利用形态学和分子生物学鉴定相结合的方法,对分离到的植物线虫进行种类鉴定。结果表明,18个地区中的98份样品中检测到植物寄生线虫,检出率高达72.1%,覆盖调查地区的60.0%。同时,发现不同公园或绿地之间土壤中线虫数量差异悬殊,其中上街东虢湖公园线虫密度可达98.68条/100 m L土,而新郑龙湖城市湿地公园线虫密度仅为1.10条/100 mL土。种类鉴定结果显示,本次调查共检测到9种重要草坪草植物寄生线虫:小叶螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus microlobus)、花生茎线虫(Ditylenchus arachis)、马铃薯腐烂茎线虫(D.destructor)、茎线虫属线虫(Ditylenchus sp.)、菲利普孢囊线虫(Heterodera filipjevi)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、滑刃属线虫(Aphelenchoides spp.)、菱形盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus rhomboides)和双刃垫刃属线虫(Labrys sp.),其中小叶螺旋线虫为优势种群。本研究首次在郑州市草坪草上发现菲利普孢囊线虫和南方根结线虫的危害,其中菲利普孢囊线虫、菱形盘旋线虫等多个线虫为国内首次在城市草坪草上检测发现。研究结果为草坪草的调运和植物检疫提供了技术支撑,为郑州市绿地草坪线虫病的防治奠定了理论基础。Lawn grass in some green spaces in Zhengzhou City had symptoms of short plants,weak growth,withered and yellow leaves,etc.,and it was speculated that the grass might be damaged by plant nematodes.In order to explore the species of plant parasitic nematodes harming the lawn grass in Zhengzhou City and their distributions,136 samples of lawn grass suspected of disease were randomly collected from 30 parks in 12 counties/districts of Zhengzhou City from 2020 to 2021.The nematodes in the samples were separated by shallow plate method and floating method,and the species of plant nematodes were identified by combining morphological and molecular biological identification.The results showed that plant parasitic nematodes were detected in 98 root soil samples from 18 areas,with a detection rate of 72.1%,covering 60.0%of the investigated areas.The number of nematodes in soil varies greatly among different parks or green spaces.The density of nematodes in Shangjie Dongguo Lake Park could reach 98.68 per 100 mL soil,while that in Xinzheng Longhu Urban Wetland Park was only 1.10per 100 mL.The results of species identification showed that 9 species of parasitic nematodes of lawn grass plants were detected:Helicotylenchus micronobus,Ditylenchus arachis,D.destructor,Ditylenchus sp.,Heterodera filipjevi,Meloidogyne incognita,Aphelenchoides spp.,Rotylenchus rhomboides and Labrys sp..In this study,the species of plant parasitic nematodes harming lawn grass in Zhengzhou were identified,among which H.micronobus was the dominant population.Meanwhile,it was the first time to find Ditylenchus spp.,H.filipjevi,and M.incognita on lawn grass in Zhengzhou,and H.filipjevi,D.persicus,R.rhomboides and Labrys sp.were firstly detected in urban lawn grass in China.This provides technical support for the allocation and transportation of lawn grass and plant quarantine,and lays a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of lawn nematode disease in Zhengzhou.

关 键 词：南方根结线虫 小叶螺旋线虫 菲利普孢囊线虫 草坪草线虫 

分 类 号：S432.45[农业科学—植物病理学]