控释尿素接触施用对水稻秧苗生长的影响  

Effects of contact application of controlled-release urea for rice seedling raising and optimized methods on seedling growth

作　　者：李锦涛 胡洋 李炫 丁紫娟 杨朔 聂玺斌 黄飞 侯俊 曹兵[2,3] LI Jin-tao;HU Yang;LI Xuan;DING Zi-juan;YANG Shuo;NIE Xi-bin;HUANG Fei;HOU Jun*;CAO Bing(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wet land Ministry of Education,Jingzhou Hubei 434025;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science,Beijing 100097;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-Release Fertilizer,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [3]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第1期57-64,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF202109);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200705);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20220301);北京市农林科学院创新平台建设(PT2022-39)。

摘　　要：育秧箱接触施肥技术是将控释氮肥在水稻育秧时一次性集中施于水稻种子附近,水稻根系紧密包裹住控释肥,水稻带肥移栽,是一种轻简高效的控释肥施肥技术。为了研究控释尿素不同施用量和育苗方式对水稻秧苗生长的影响,以当地常规氮肥用量(180 kg/hm^(2),折合每盘控释尿素1550 g)为基准,按照常规育秧方式设置不同控释尿素氮用量(CK,25%CRU、50%CRU、75%CRU和100%CRU),同时在50%CRU处理上采用3种优化育秧方式(钵型毯状育苗盘B、采用“土肥混合物+种子+土”装填顺序S和两者组合优化SB,处理分别为50%CRU+S、50%CRU+B和50%CRU+SB)进行接触施肥育苗研究。结果表明:控释尿素接触施肥育苗氮用量不宜超过每盘775 g,即50%CRU处理的秧苗素质最佳,而75%CRU和100%CRU对秧苗生长有不同的抑制作用。与常规育苗(CK)相比,50%CRU的出苗率、整齐度、壮秧指数和充实度差异不显著,但是根干重、地上部干重和根系活力分别显著增加52.25%、73.22%和21.23%。随着控释尿素用量增大,育苗土含水量减小,土壤铵态氮和电导率增加,75%CRU和100%CRU的秧苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量比CK提高46.6%~272.0%,而叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别降低22.8%~30.5%和6.5%~29.2%。3种优化育苗方式能在一定程度上提高秧苗高度和壮秧指数,对其他指标无显著影响。综上,控释尿素接触施肥用氮每盘775 g(相当于90 kg/hm^(2))时秧苗生长最佳,优化育苗方式对壮秧指数和秧苗高度有促进作用,而对秧苗其他生长指标未产生显著影响。The seedling-box total fertilization technology is a simple and efficient controlled-release urea(CRU)fertilization technology,which is one-time application of CRU near rice seeds during the rice seedling raising,and the fertilizer is attached to the rice root system and brought into the paddy field when transplanting.In order to study the effects of different application rates and raising seedlings methods of CRU on rice seedling growth,the local conventional nitrogen application rates(180 kg/hm^(2),1550 g CRU was used per seedling tray)was used as the benchmark,five CRU rates(CK,25%CRU,50%CRU,75%CRU and 100%CRU)were set up in this study,for the 50%CRU treatment,three including seedling ways were studied,including boxing-tanzhuang(in Chinese)seedling trays(50%CRU+B),the soil-fertilizer-seeds filling methods(50%CRU+S),and the combined seedling ways of B and S(50%CRU+BS).The results showed that CRU fertilization rates by coexistence placement should not exceed 745 g per seedling tray.The seedling quality of 50%CRU treatment was the best,while 75%CRU and 100%CRU treatments had different inhibitory effects on seedling growth.Compared with conventional seedling raising(CK),50%CRU had similar emergence rate,uniformity,seedling strengthening index and plumpness,but significantly increased the root dry weight,shoot dry weight and root activity by 52.25%,73.22%and 21.23%,respectively.With the increase of the amount of controlled-release urea,the water content of seedling soil decreased,and the NH4+-N and electrical conductivity of soil increased.Compared with CK,the adverse growth environment caused by 75%CRU and 100%CRU increased MDA of seedling by 46.6%~272.0%,and decreased SOD and CAT content by 22.8%~30.5%and 6.5%~29.2%,respectively.The three optimized seedling raising methods can improve the seedling height and seedling strengthening index,but had no significant effect on other seedling growth indicators.In conclusion,the seedling growth was the best when CRU was used as 745 g per seedling tray(about 90 kg/hm^(2))as

关 键 词：控释尿素 接触施肥 水稻 秧苗素质 铵态氮 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]