不同施肥处理对盆栽八仙花生长及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and soil fertility of potted Hydrangea

作　　者：张梦芳 申悦 赵冰 冯轩 金净 王瑞瑞 ZHANG Meng-fang;SHEN Yue;ZHAO Bing;FENG Xuan;JIN Jing;WANG Rui-rui(College of Landscape Architecture and Arts,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第1期73-80,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：西安市科技计划项目(20NYYF0064);陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2021NY-070)。

摘　　要：为解决当前在八仙花规模化生产中施肥盲目的问题,探究适宜八仙花生长发育的优质肥料种类。试验以八仙花‘花手鞠’品种为供试材料,设置6个施肥处理,分别为:CK(不施肥)、T1(水溶肥)、T2(有机肥)、T3(有机肥+水溶肥)、T4(控释肥)、T5(控释肥+水溶肥),分析比较不同施肥处理对八仙花生长、生理特性及叶片矿质元素含量、土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响。结果表明:①与CK相比,各施肥组除胞间CO_(2)浓度及土壤pH和电导率外,其它生长、生理、光合特性、土壤理化性质及酶活性均呈增加趋势;②与其它各施肥处理相比,T5处理植株的株高、冠幅、叶宽、茎粗,叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性蛋白含量以及全氮、全磷含量,蒸腾速率、气孔导度及净光合速率,土壤的电导率,碱解氮和有效磷含量及脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均最高;③与单一施用有机肥相比,有机肥和水溶肥混合施用,八仙花的株高、冠幅、枝长、叶宽分别显著升高了24.8%、19.9%、26.2%、24.7%,叶片的可溶性糖及全氮含量分别显著升高了64.8%、25.3%,土壤养分含量及脲酶活性也有所上升但未达显著水平。综合分析结果可得:单一或混合施入水溶肥、有机肥、控释肥均能促进八仙花‘花手鞠’生长,促进植株光合作用和营养物质的积累及转换,同时提高土壤肥力,其中,控释肥与水溶肥配施对于‘花手鞠’的促生效果及土壤的改良效果最优。混合施肥作为当下肥料施用的新趋势,相较于单一施肥,更能促进八仙花的生长。In order to solve the current problem of blind fertilization in the large-scale production of Hydrangea,explore the types of high-quality fertilizer suitable for the growth and development of Hydrangea.The experiment took the H.macrophylla‘Hanatemari’as the test material and six fertilization treatments were set up:CK(no fertilizer),T1(water soluble fertilizer),T2(organic fertilizer),T3(organic fertilizer+water soluble fertilizer),T4(controlled-release fertilizer),T5(controlled-release fertilizer+water soluble fertilizer).The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth,physiological characteristics,leaf mineral element content,soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of Hydrangea were analyzed and compared.The results showed as follows:①Compared with CK,except for the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,soil pH and electrical conductivity,the growth,physiological,photosynthetic characteristics,soil physical and chemical properties,and enzyme activity of each fertilization group showed an increasing trend;②Compared with other fertilization groups,the plant height,crown width,branch length,leaf width,stem thickness,leaf chlorophyll,carotenoid,soluble protein content and total nitrogen and phosphorus mineral content,transpiration rate,stoma conductance and net photosynthetic rate,soil conductivity,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus content and urease and sucrase activities of T5 treatment group were the highest;③Compared with single application of organic fertilizer,in the mixed application of organic fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer,the height,crown width,branch length,leaf width were significantly increased by 24.8%,19.9%,26.2%,24.7%,respectively,the soluble sugar,total nitrogen content of the leaves significantly increased by 64.8%,25.3%,respectively,soil nutrient content and urease activity also increased but did not reach a significant level.Comprehensive analysis results can be obtained as follows:Single or mixed application of water

关 键 词：八仙花 施肥 肥料混施 生长 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺] S158[农业科学—园艺学]