水肥耦合对基质栽培番茄产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on yield and water use efficiency of tomato cultivated by organic substrate

作　　者：吴科生[1,2] 车宗贤 卢秉林[1,2] 张久东 杨蕊菊[1,2] 崔恒 WU Ke-sheng;CHE Zong-xian;LU Bing-lin;ZHANG Jiu-dong;YANG Rui-ju;CUI Heng(Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment(Gansu),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou Gansu 733017)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]农业农村部甘肃耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,甘肃武威733017

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第1期104-109,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1903700);甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2022GAAS13)。

摘　　要：探明玉米秸秆和牛粪为主要原料的有机型基质栽培番茄最佳灌水量和施肥量,为番茄有机型基质栽培的灌溉和施肥制度提供科学依据。将腐熟玉米秸秆、腐熟牛粪与河沙、蛭石、珍珠岩、凹凸棒等物料按一定比例复配成栽培基质,研究不同水肥条件对日光温室基质栽培番茄生长、产量、水肥利用效率的影响,并分析不同水肥条件下番茄生产成本和经济效益。研究表明:不同灌溉量和施肥量对有机型基质栽培的番茄生长发育和产量影响较大。在相同灌溉量下,作物产量随施肥量的增加先增大后减小,在相同施肥量下,番茄产量随着灌溉量的增加而增大。当把最大灌溉量和中等施肥量耦合使用时,番茄产量最高,为3.73 kg/株,较其他处理增产10.9%~83.0%;水分利用效率最高,为18.45 kg/m^(3),较其他处理提高10.8%~50.1%;生产收益最好,为10.43元/株,较其他处理增收10.9%~87.2%;纯收益最多,为6.00元/株,较其他处理增加17.7%~363.2%。以玉米秸秆和牛粪为主要原料生产的高有机型基质栽培番茄,当番茄全生育期灌溉量为162.00 L/株、施肥量为41.53g/株时,番茄株高、茎粗、叶片数、SPAD值等生长指标表现最优,从提高产量、水分利用效率、经济效益等生产因素综合分析,该灌溉量和施肥量是玉米秸秆和牛粪为主要原料的高有机生态型基质栽培番茄的最佳灌溉量和施肥量。The aimed to find out the optimal irrigation amount and fertilization amount of substrate culture tomato with corn straw and cow dung as main raw materials,and provide scientific basis for irrigation and fertilization system of tomato organic substrate culture.The decomposed corn straw,decomposed cow dung and river sand,vermiculite,perlite,attapulgite and other materials were compounded into cultivation matrix according to a certain proportion.The effects of different water and fertilizer conditions on the growth,yield,water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of tomato cultivated in matrix in solar greenhouse were studied,and the production cost and economic benefit of tomato under different water and fertilizer conditions were analyzed.The results showed that different irrigation amount and fertilizer amount had great influence on the growth and yield of tomato cultivated in organic matrix.Under the same irrigation amount,the crop yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization amount,and the tomato yield increased with the increase of irrigation amount under the same fertilization amount.When the maximum irrigation amount and medium fertilization amount were combined together,the tomato yield was the highest 3.73 kg/plant,which was 10.9%~83.0%higher than that of other treatments;the highest water use efficiency was 18.45 kg/m^(3),which was 10.8%~50.1%higher than other treatments;the production income was the best,which was 10.43 yuan/plant,and increased by 10.9%~87.2%compared with other treatments;the net income was 6.00 yuan/plant,which was 17.7%~363.2%higher than other treatments.When the irrigation amount was 162.00 L/plant and the fertilization amount was 41.53 g/plant in the whole growth period of tomato,the growth indexes such as plant height,stem diameter,leaf number and SPAD value of tomato were the best.From the comprehensive analysis of production factors such as yield increasing,water use efficiency and economic benefit,this irrigation amount and fertilization amount we

关 键 词：农业废弃物 基质 水肥耦合 产量 水分利用效率 经济效益 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]