加工辣椒避雨栽培优势及水肥一体化施肥方案初探  

Advantages of rain-shelter cultivation of processed pepper and its integrated fertilization scheme with water and fertilizer

作　　者：李红 巩雪峰[1,2] 陈鑫 宋占锋 许艺[1,2] LI Hong;GONG Xue-feng;CHEN Xin;SONG Zhan-feng;XU Yi(Horticulture Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Sichuan 610066;Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China,Chengdu Sichuan 610066)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/蔬菜种质与品种创新四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066 [2]农业农村部西南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第1期155-162,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系四川省创新团队(sccxtd-2020-05);四川省科技计划项目(青年科技创新研究团队)(2021JDTD0006)。

摘　　要：通过露地常规栽培与避雨栽培相比,探索避雨栽培在四川盆地加工辣椒越夏栽培中对辣椒生长发育、产量品质以及病虫害等方面的影响;同时,进一步研究在避雨栽培条件下,不同N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分比例和总施肥量以及基肥是否增施微生物菌剂对辣椒生长发育和产量、品质的影响,以期探索四川盆地加工辣椒在该条件下相对高效、生态的施肥方案。研究结果表明:(1)与露地常规栽培相比,避雨栽培配套水肥一体化施肥技术,总施肥量即使较常规施肥量减少30%,其植株株高、茎粗、株幅、平均单果重、果实产量、采收期、果实品质,以及病害发生率等方面均表现出绝对优势。(2)在避雨栽培配套水肥一体化施肥技术中,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O总施肥量为653.25 kg/hm^(2),其中N施用量为261.75 kg/hm^(-2)时,辣椒产量最高;当基肥增施微生物菌剂2250 kg/hm^(-2),化肥总施肥量较常规施肥量减少20%(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O总施肥量为521.4 kg/hm^(-2),其中N施用量为189.75 kg/hm^(-2))时,辣椒果实产量较常规施肥量处理有所降低但差异不显著,且辣椒素、色价等果实品质有所提高,实现生态与加工辣椒果实品质双优。By comparing conventional open field cultivation with rain-shelter cultivation,the effects of rain-shelter cultivation on the growth,yield,quality,diseases and insect pests of pepper in summer cultivation of processed pepper were explored in Sichuan Basin.At the same time,in order to explore the relatively efficient and ecological fertilization scheme of processed pepper in Sichuan Basin under the condition of rain-shelter cultivation,the effects of different nutrient ratios and total fertilizer application of N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O,as well as whether the microbial agent was added to the base fertilizer on the growth and development,yield and quality of pepper were further studied.The results showed that:(1)compared with the conventional open field cultivation,the plant height,stem diameter,plant width,average fruit weight,yield,harvest time,fruit quality and disease incidence of pepper showed absolute superiority even if the total fertilizer amount of rain-shelter cultivation was reduced by 30%.(2)In the water and fertilizer integration technology for rain-shelter cultivation of processed pepper in Sichuan Basin,the highest yield of pepper was achieved when the total fertilizer amount of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O was 653.25 kg/hm^(2),among which the N amount was 261.75 kg/hm^(2).When 2250 kg/hm^(2) microbial agent was added to base fertilizer and the total fertilizer amount decreased by 20%compared with the conventional fertilizer amount(that is,the total fertilizer amount of N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O was 521.4 kg/hm^(2),of which the N amount was 189.75 kg/hm^(2)),the fruit yield decreased slightly compared with the conventional fertilizer application,but the difference was not significant.Moreover,the key quality indexes of processed pepper such as capsaicin and color value were improved,achieving both ecological friendliness and quality of processed pepper fruit.

关 键 词：辣椒 避雨栽培 水肥一体化 微生物菌剂 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]