不同改良材料对红壤酸度的改良作用及玉米生长的影响  

Effect of different amendments on ameliorating acidity of red soil and improving maize growth

作　　者：刘锐 金玉霞 王好圆 杨昌富 余发美 文石林[1] 徐明岗[1] 蔡泽江[1] LIU Rui;JIN Yu-xia;WANG Hao-yuan;YANG Chang-fu;YU Fa-mei;WEN Shi-lin;XU Ming-gang;CAI Ze-jiang(Qiyang Farmland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiyang Hunan 426182;School of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Puer Yunnan 665099)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/湖南祁阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,湖南祁阳426182 [2]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665099

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第1期199-205,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977104,U19A2046);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(1610132020024)。

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验分析了4种改良材料(生物炭、炭基肥、猪粪、石灰)及其用量对红壤pH、交换性酸、土壤养分以及玉米生长的影响。共设置10个处理:不添加改良材料的对照(CK),添加1%和3%生物炭(B1、B3),1%和3%炭基肥(BF1、BF3),猪粪替代化学氮肥20%和40%(M20、M40),0.02%和0.04%石灰(L0.02、L0.04),M20+L0.02(M20L0.02)。结果表明,与CK相比,BF3、生物炭、有机肥和石灰处理均能维持红壤pH,而BF1处理显著降低了土壤pH,降幅为0.19个单位;B3、BF1、M40和L0.04处理均显著降低了土壤交换性酸含量。BF1和BF3处理较CK土壤碱解氮含量分别增加了83和305 mg/kg;M40处理土壤有效磷含量显著增加4.1 mg/kg,而M20处理无显著差异;B1、B3和BF3处理较CK土壤速效钾含量分别增加46、138和171mg/kg。与CK相比,BF3%处理地上部生物量显著降低37%;各改良措施间以B3处理最高,显著高于BF3、M20、L0.02、L0.04和M20L0.02处理。与CK相比,BF3处理显著增加玉米吸氮量,增幅为32%,而其它处理无显著变化。研究表明,4种改良材料均可以改善红壤酸度;综合作物生长和养分平衡,以生物炭作为红壤酸度改良材料,可适当减少钾肥投入,炭基肥则可减少化学氮、钾肥投入,以猪粪为材料则可减少化学磷肥投入。A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four amendments(biochar,biochar compound fertilizer,swine manure and lime)and their application rates on red soil pH,exchangeable acidity,soil nutrients,and maize growth.Ten treatments were included:chemical fertilizers only(CK),biochar at levels of 1%and 3%(B1,B3),biochar compound fertilizer at levels of 1%and 3%(BF1,BF3),swine manure supplied 20%(M20)and 40%(M40)of total N,lime at levels of 0.02%and 0.04%(L0.02,L0.04),M20+L0.02(M20L0.02).The results showed that the BF1 treatment significantly reduced soil pH by 0.19 units compared to the CK treatment,while the BF3,biochar,swine manure and lime treatments maintained soil pH;The B3,BF1,M40 and L0.04 treatments significantly decreased soil exchangeable acidity.The BF1 and BF3 treatments increased soil available nitrogen by 83 and 305 mg/kg,respectively,relative to CK;The M40 treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus by 4.1 mg/kg,while the M20 treatment had no change.The B1,B3 and BF3 treatments increased soil available potassium by 46,138 and 171 mg/kg,respectively,compared to CK.Above-ground biomass was significantly reduced by 37%in the BF3 treatment compared to CK,and the highest value was observed in B3 treatment,which was significantly higher than that from BF3,M20,L0.02,L0.04 and M20L0.02 treatments.Comparing with CK,the BF3 treatment significantly increased maize nitrogen uptake by 32%.The results showed that four improved materials could improve the acidity of red soil;Based on crop growth and nutrient balance,biochar can be used as a material to improve the acidity of red soil,which can appropriately reduce the input of potassium fertilizer.Carbon-based fertilizer can reduce the input of chemical nitrogen and potassium fertilizer,and swine manure can reduce the input of chemical phosphorus fertilizer.

关 键 词：酸度改良 红壤 PH 交换性酸 养分含量 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]