维吾尔语-汉语二语者语流中的声调偏误实验研究  

An Experimental Research on Uygur-Mandarin L2 Speakers’Tonal Errors at the Sentence Level

作　　者：刘广盈 LIU Guang-ying(School of China Ethnic Language and Literature,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《黔南民族师范学院学报》2023年第1期40-49,共10页Journal of Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities

基　　金：中央民族大学“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”研究生专题博士项目(GTTZX-2019-49)资助。

摘　　要：语言学习初期,二语者很难自发产出正确的汉语声调。焦点和疑问语气条件下声调产出更复杂,是二语学习的难点。本文以低水平维吾尔语-汉语二语者为研究对象,设计实验系统分析了二语者语句中的声调习得难易度和声调偏误模式,比较了不同声调的正确率以及陈述和疑问句末双音节词的音高变化。在此基础上统计分析维-汉二语者的声调偏误比例、偏误类型和习得顺序。同时,关注二语者词内音节声调的习得是否同步,焦点和疑问语气是否影响声调产出等问题。基于声调正确率、音高曲线观察和R中的统计检验结果,得到以下结论:(1)语流中,二语者去声产出最难,其次是阳平和上声,最后是阴平;(2)声调偏误模式比较复杂,阴平和上声主要为调域错误,阳平和去声调域、调型错误都存在;(3)词末、句首焦点条件下及疑问句末声调产出都更难。At the beginning of language learning,it is difficult for L2 speakers to spontaneously produce correct Mandarin tones.The more complicated case of the tone production involves co-encoding of focus and question in intonation,which is difficult for L2 learners.Based on speech experiment,this study systematically analyzed tonal errors at the sentence level produced by Uygur-Mandarin L2 speakers in solo reading tasks,and compared the accuracy of different tones and the pitch contour of tones under the condition of question intonation.The specific content of the analysis includes the errors’distribution,type and the sequence of tone acquisition.At the same time,we pay attention to the influence of syllable position,focus and question intonation on the tone production of L2.The result of tone accuracy and acoustic features of these primary-level L2 speakers showed that:(1)Uygur-Mandarin L2 learners should follow the easiness-difficulty sequence as the first tone,the third tone,the second tone,and the forth tone at the sentence level,among which the learning of the forth tone is the most prominent problem.(2)The tonal errors pattern is more complex,the first and third tones produced by L2 speakers are mainly pitch range errors,and pitch range errors and tone shape errors exist in both the second and fourth tones.(3)They had a great difficulty in producing mandarin tones,especially in word final position,question intonation and focus conditions.

关 键 词：维-汉二语习得 声调习得顺序 偏误分析 语调影响 

分 类 号：H014[语言文字—语言学]