喷灌水肥一体化技术在北疆苜蓿生产中的应用  

Water and Fertilizer Integration Technology of Sprinkler Irrigation:Application in Alfalfa Production in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：丁峰 纪顺[2] 萨仁娜 蒲胜海 DING Feng;JI Shun;SA Renna;PU Shenghai(Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Comprehensive Testing Ground,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830012,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院综合试验场,乌鲁木齐830012

出　　处：《农学学报》2023年第3期16-20,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目“苜蓿土壤生境对喷灌与浅埋滴灌的相信与灌溉制度优化的研究应用”(KY2022029);自治区区域协同创新专项(科技援疆计划)项目“新疆苜蓿节水高产及精准灌溉决策技术研究与示范”(2021E02056)。

摘　　要：苜蓿作为优质的高蛋白饲料,被称之为“牧草之王”。新疆作为中国五大牧区之一,人工饲草料地建设滞后,长期以来饲草生产中普遍存在灌溉管理水平差,水肥利用效率低,高投入低产出问题,成为制约新疆现代畜牧业发展的瓶颈。近年来,新疆的农牧业龙头企业大力发展以大型喷灌机为基础的节水牧草业,迫切需求喷灌苜蓿节水高产优质生产技术。把水肥一体化技术与喷灌苜蓿生产实践结合起来,从品种选择、地块的理化性状、平整土地、系统管理、种植模式及群体指标、苜蓿各生育期的水肥管理和配套栽培措施等方面,阐述了水肥一体化技术在苜蓿生产中的应用技术要点,形成了具有普遍指导性的水肥一体化技术规范。该技术要点体现了喷灌水肥一体化的技术优势,可为北疆的喷灌苜蓿生产、广大农技推广人员、农技推广服务和农业领域科研工作者提供技术指导和参考。Alfalfa,as the forage with high protein content,is known as the‘king of forage’.Xinjiang is one of the five major pastoral areas in China,but its construction of artificial forage land lags behind.For a long time,the problems of poor irrigation management level,low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer,and high input and low output are common in forage production,which have become the bottleneck to restrict the development of modern animal husbandry in Xinjiang.In recent years,based on the large-sized moving sprinkler irrigation machines,leading enterprises in agricultural and animal husbandry in Xinjiang have developed water-saving forage industry vigorously.Consequently,the production technology of alfalfa with sprinkler irrigation to save water and get high yield and quality is urgently needed.This study combined the water and fertilizer integration technology with the practice of sprinkler irrigation in alfalfa production,expounded the application technical points of the integration technology from the aspects of variety selection,physical and chemical properties of soil,land leveling,system management,planting pattern,population index,and water and fertilizer management and supporting cultivation measures in each growth period of alfalfa,and proposed a general guiding technical specification for the water and fertilizer integration.This technical specification reflects the advantages of water and fertilizer integration technology,and can provide technical guidance for alfalfa production with sprinkler irrigation and reference for agricultural technology extension personnel,agricultural technology extension service and scientific researchers in agricultural field in northern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：苜蓿 喷灌 水肥一体化 技术要点 

分 类 号：S551.7[农业科学—作物学] S275.5