不同施肥方式对花生相关生理特性、农艺性状及产量影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Physiological Characteristics,Agronomic Traits and Yield of Peanut

作　　者：龙安 郭陞垚 詹柳琪 黄佳华 陈剑洪 LONG An;GUO Shengyao;ZHAN Liuqi;HUANG Jiahua;CHEN Jianhong(Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Quanzhou,362212,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]泉州市农业科学研究所,福建泉州362212

出　　处：《农学学报》2023年第3期52-57,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-13);福建省星火项目“花生新品种‘泉花557’的示范与推广”(2021S0031)。

摘　　要：研究不同施肥方式对花生相关生理特性、农艺性状及产量影响,在节约成本和减少肥料过度使用对农田造成的破坏与污染的前提下,为优化花生高产、优质栽培技术提供依据。以‘泉花557’为材料,采用随机区组排列法,研究不同条施深度(0、10、15 cm)和不同施肥量(150、300、450 kg/hm^(2))对花生相关生理特性、农艺性状及产量等的影响。结果表明:肥料深施能够改善花生茎叶、株茎高和地上部干物质积累量等形态发生因素与单株结果数、百仁重、饱果数和出仁率等产量构成因素,提高花生开花下针期以后的叶绿素含量、叶面积系数和根系活力。其中以条施深度15 cm的花生荚果增产最明显,条施深度10 cm的次之。综合考虑产量和肥料用量等因素可以得出条施氯化钾复合肥(N:P2O5:K2O为15%:15%:15%)深度15 cm施肥量150 kg/hm^(2)效果最佳。On the premise of saving cost and reducing farmland deterioration and pollution caused by excessive use of fertilizer,this study aims at investigating the effects of different fertilization modes on physiological characteristics,agronomic traits and yield of peanut,and providing a basis for optimizing peanut cultivation techniques for high yield and high quality.Peanut variety‘Quanhua 557’was used with randomized block design to study the effect of different depth of fertilization(0,10 and 15 cm)and different fertilization rates(150,300 and 450 kg/hm^(2))on physiological characteristics,agronomic traits and yield of peanuts.The results showed that the appropriate depth of fertilization could improve the factors in plant morphogenesis,such as the development of leaf and stem,plant height and dry matter accumulation of the aboveground part,and the factors of yield,such as the number of fruits per plant,the weight of 100 kernels,the number of full kernel and the kernel-fruit ratio.And it could also improve the chlorophyll content,leaf area index and root activity of peanut after flowering stage.Peanut with 15 cm depth of strip fertilization showed the most significant increase in pod yield,followed by that with 10 cm depth of strip fertilization.Considering yield,fertilizer application rate and other factors,it is concluded that the strip application of potassium chloride compound fertilizer(N:P2O5:K2O=15%:15%:15%)of 150 kg/hm^(2) to 15 cm depth will have the best effect.

关 键 词：花生 氯化钾 条施 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]