灌水条件及环境因子对芦笋生长的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Conditions and Environmental Factors on Asparagus Growth

作　　者：祁伟 郭月峰 卜繁靖 QI Wei;GUO Yuefeng;BU Fanjing(Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Water Conservancy Development Center,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia,China;College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区水利事业发展中心,呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《农学学报》2023年第3期71-75,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：鄂尔多斯科技计划项目“鄂尔多斯生态脆弱区柠条灌木林保护技术研发与示范”(2021YY社106-55);鄂尔多斯市科技合作重大专项项目“鄂尔多斯荒漠草原植被近自然恢复与土壤保育关键技术研发与示范”(2021EEDSCXQDFZ011);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“生态脆弱区人工灌木林保护技术研发与示范”(2021GG0085)。

摘　　要：针对干旱区和半干旱区芦笋栽培困难的问题,选取‘冠军’、‘京紫’2个品种的芦笋为研究对象,设置田间持水量60%(T_(1))、45%(T_(2))、30%(T_(3))3种灌水条件,测量在不同灌水条件下芦笋茎高和冠幅等生长特性的差异,获得适合芦笋生长的最优灌水条件。利用CR-3000小型自动气象站同步监测大气中的光合有效辐射、空气温度、空气湿度、水汽压和土壤温度等,分析环境因子对芦笋生长的影响。结果表明,不同灌水条件下2种芦笋茎高和冠幅生长动态特征基本一致。T_(3)灌水条件下,‘冠军’各项指标均呈现最优状态,增长量高于T_(1)和T_(2)处理;T_(2)灌水条件下,‘京紫’各项指标均呈现最优状态,增长量高于T_(1)和T_(3)处理。芦笋茎高、冠幅动态生长特征与光合有效辐射呈极显著负相关,与空气湿度呈极显著正相关,与水汽压呈显著正相关。空气湿度和水汽压是促进芦笋生长发育的主导因子。‘冠军’芦笋较‘京紫’生长势头更强,T_(3)灌水条件能够促进其生长,栽培芦笋应在无强光、凉爽湿润的环境中进行。Two asparagus varieties,‘Champion’and‘Jingzi’,were chosen to test the difficulty of planting asparagus in arid and semiarid areas.Three irrigation conditions were set with field moisture capacity of 60%(T_(1)),45%(T_(2))and 30%(T_(3)),respectively.The growth characteristics of asparagus including stem height and canopy size were compared among the three irrigation conditions so as to optimize the irrigation condition for asparagus growth.The photosynthetically active radiation,air temperature,air humidity,vapor pressure and soil temperature were synchronously monitored using a CR-3000 small automatic meteorological station.Then the effects of these environmental factors on asparagus growth were analyzed.Results showed that the dynamic growing characteristics of stem height and canopy size were both basically consistent between the two varieties under the three irrigation conditions.Under irrigation condition T_(3),the two indices of‘Champion’were both the optimal and increased more compared with those under irrigation conditions T_(1) and T_(2).Under irrigation condition T_(2),the two indices of‘Jingzi’were both the optimal and increased more than those under irrigation conditions T_(1) and T_(3).The dynamic growing characteristics of asparagus stem height and canopy size were correlated very significantly negatively with photosynthetically active radiation,very significantly positively with air humidity,and significantly positively with vapor pressure.Air humidity and vapor pressure were the dominant factors that promoted the growth and development of asparagus.In conclusion,‘Champion’grows stronger than‘Jingzi’,and the irrigation condition T_(3) promotes the growth of asparagus.Asparagus shall be planted in a cool and wet environment without strong light.

关 键 词：灌水条件 环境因子 芦笋 生长特性 相关性 

分 类 号：S351[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]