新疆沙雅县绿洲棉田土壤质量评价  

Soil Quality Evaluation of Oasis Cotton Fields in Shaya County of Xinjiang

作　　者：吴楚鹏 盛建东[1,2] 胡雨彤 成志慧 杨鹏飞 WU Chupeng;SHENG Jiandong;HU Yutong;CHENG Zhihui;YANG Pengfei(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第9期71-78,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“棉花农药化肥减量增效技术集成与应用”(2020A01002-3)。

摘　　要：为评价沙雅县棉田土壤质量状况,并探讨棉田土壤盐渍化与其土壤质量的相互关系,促进棉田可持续生产。以沙雅县4乡镇主要植棉区为研究对象,测定其土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、速效磷、盐分总量和容重等6项理化指标,计算土壤综合肥力指数(IFI),再基于M-SQR确定棉田土壤质量分级。结果表明:沙雅棉田养分指标含量适中,土壤容重偏大;有30%的样地呈不同程度土壤盐渍化,土壤盐分与土壤多数养分指标呈负相关;根据评分结果,棉田综合肥力指数可划分出5级水平;相比IFI评级,SQR中Ⅲ级以上的样点量减少了31.37%,而低级土壤质量样点增加了16个;盐碱斑地块、沙斑地块和芦苇斑地块的土壤质量均为Ⅴ级;中部棉区相比南部和北部棉区的土壤质量状况较好。评价结果表明M-SQR评价模式具有一定的可靠性。土壤盐渍化抑制土壤养分的积累,是影响土壤质量的限制因素。各样点评价结果在空间分布上存在区域性差异。本研究可为区域内棉田土壤盐渍化的改良工作提供良好的治理思路,并且能够服务于棉田土壤质量的管理。By evaluating the soil quality of cotton fields in Shaya County and exploring the relationship between soil salinization and soil quality,the study aims to promote sustainable production in cotton fields.We took the main cotton planting areas of 4 townships in Shaya County as the research objects,and measured six physical and chemical indexes,including soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available potassium,available phosphorus,total salt and bulk density.Then,we calculated the soil integrated fertility index(IFI)and used the M-SQR evaluation method to determine the soil quality rating of cotton fields.The results showed that the nutrient contents of cotton fields were moderate and the soil bulk density was relatively large in Shaya County;up to 30%of the sample sites had different degrees of soil salinization.The soil salinity was negatively correlated with most soil nutrient indicators.According to the scoring results,the soil integrated fertility index of cotton fields could be divided into five levels.Compared with the IFI rating,the number of samples above grade III decreased by 31.37%in the SQR rating,while the number of low-grade soil quality sampling points increased by 16.The soil quality of saline-alkali patch,sand patch and reed patch were gradeⅤin this research,and the soil quality of the central cotton area was better than that of the southern and northern cotton areas.In conclusion,the M-SQR evaluation model has certain reliability,and soil salinization could inhibit the accumulation of soil nutrients and is a limiting factor of soil quality.The evaluation results of each sampling point have regional differences in spatial distribution.This study could provide a good way for the improvement of soil salinization and serve the management of soil quality in cotton fields in the region.

关 键 词：棉田 土壤质量 理化指标 主成分分析 M-SQR 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]