黄土风沙区土壤培肥机理与技术研究进展  

Mechanism and Technology of Soil Fertility Cultivation in Loess Desert:A Review

作　　者：朱晓月 方燕[2] 上官周平 ZHU Xiaoyue;FANG Yan;SHANGGUAN Zhouping(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712100;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西咸阳712100 [2]黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西咸阳712100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第7期95-101,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA23070201);陕西省林业科学院科技创新计划专项(SXLK2020-0101)。

摘　　要：黄土风沙区生态环境脆弱,水土流失剧烈,土地沙漠化严重,影响了区域生态保护和高质量发展。针对沙地土壤肥力低下及农业和生态利用潜质较差的特征,中国学者开展了大量研究,采取了大量措施对风沙土结构和化学性质进行改良。经过几十年的综合治理,沙地土壤结构和肥力得到了有效改善。笔者对砒砂岩、风化煤、有机肥、绿肥及覆盖耕作技术改良沙土的现状、作用机理和效果作了简要阐述,认为土壤改良工作应以不同农艺措施进行优化组合,同时实现沙地土壤理化及生物性质的整体改良,促进土壤的发生发育,实现对沙地土壤的快速、有效培肥。提出黄土风沙区未来亟待加强构建绿色化的沙地土壤培肥技术体系、强化沙地土壤培肥技术生态效应的监测、研发具有可推广的绿色土壤培肥产品,以期为沙地土壤培肥和生态恢复提供科技支撑。The fragile ecological environment and soil erosion in loess desert area seriously affect the regional ecological protection and high-quality development.According to the characteristics of sandy land with low soil fertility,and poor agricultural and ecological utilization potential,Chinese scholars have carried out a lot of study and taken a series of measures to improve the structure and chemical properties of aeolian sandy soil.After decades of comprehensive management,the structure and fertility of aeolian sandy soil have been improved effectively.This study summarized the present situation of aeolian sandy soil improved by arsenic sandstone,coal fly ash,organic fertilizer,green manure and mulching,and discussed the action mechanism and effects of the soil improving technologies.It is considered that the technologies of soil improvement should be optimized and combined with different agronomic measures.The soil physicochemical property should be improved along with biological property of sandy land,to realize rapid and effective fertility cultivation.It is necessary to strengthen the construction of green soil fertility cultivation technology system and the monitoring of ecological effect of the technologies,and develop environment-friendly fertilizers which could be popularized,thus providing technical support for soil fertility cultivation and ecological restoration in sandy land.

关 键 词：风沙土 培肥 土壤结构 作用机制 生态恢复 

分 类 号：S333[农业科学—作物遗传育种]