3种杀菌剂在梨和土壤中的残留及消解特征  

Residues and Dissipation Characteristics of Three Fungicides in Pear and Soil

作　　者：高美静 沈燕 卢莉娜[1,2] 仲建锋 卢飞 郑尊涛[3] 张志勇 GAO Meijing;SHEN Yan;LU Lina;ZHONG Jianfeng;LU Fei;ZHENG Zuntao;ZHANG Zhiyong(State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base,Ministry of Science and Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety,Nanjing 210014;Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014;Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125)

机构地区：[1]省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地/江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室,南京210014 [2]江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,南京210014 [3]农业农村部农药检定所,北京100125

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第7期116-121,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目“基于重组抗体的新型Bt毒素增效因子的作用机理研究”(BK20210155);国家重点研发计划项目“中药材外源性有毒有害物质检测及控制标准研究项目”(2017YFC1700800);江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目“食用林产品和产地农药多残留检测技术研究与推广应用”(LYKJ[2020]13)。

摘　　要：氟硅唑、腈菌唑和戊唑醇在梨上登记用于防治梨黑星病,且均具有较好的防治效果。为筛选高防效和低残留的农药种类,采用气相色谱和液质联用法分析了上述3种农药在梨和土壤中的残留及消解特征。结果显示,氟硅唑、腈菌唑和戊唑醇在梨上的半衰期分别为8.83、14.44、4.70天,在土壤中的半衰期分别为18.38、17.32、16.50天,戊唑醇在梨和土壤中的消解速率均最快。中国制定的氟硅唑、腈菌唑和戊唑醇在梨中的最大残留限量(MRL)分别为0.2、0.5、0.5 mg/kg。按最高推荐剂量的1倍和1.5倍对梨和土壤分别施用3种农药,末次施药后21天,氟硅唑在收获梨上的最大残留值为0.109 mg/kg,达到了MRL值的54.5%;腈菌唑在收获梨上的最大残留值为0.42 mg/kg,达到了MRL值的84%;戊唑醇在收获梨上的最大残留值<0.1 mg/kg,远低于国家规定的MRL值。对3种杀菌剂在梨和土壤中的消解和残留特征等综合进行分析,戊唑醇对膳食和环境的风险更小。研究结果为防治梨黑星病过程中高防效、低残留农药的筛选提供了理论依据。Flusilazole,myclobutanil and tebuconazole are registered for the control of pear scab,and all of them have good control effects.In order to screen pesticides with high control efficacy and low residues,the residues and dissipation characteristics of the above three fungicides in pears and soil were studied in this paper by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods.The results showed that the half-life of flusilazole,myclobutanil and tebuconazole in pears was 8.83 d,14.44 d and 4.70 d,respectively,and the half-life of the above three fungicides in soil was 18.38 d,17.32 d and 16.50 d,respectively,tebuconazole had the fastest dissipation rate in pears and soil.In China,the maximum residue limit(MRL)of flusilazole,myclobutanil and tebuconazole in pears is 0.2 mg/kg,0.5mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg,respectively.For the field trial,the recommended dosage and 1.5 times recommended dosage of the three fungicides were applied to pears and soil respectively.Twenty-one days after the last treatment,the maximum harvest residue of flusilazole in pears was 0.109 mg/kg,reaching 54.5%of the MRL value;the maximum harvest residue of myclobutanil in pears was 0.42 mg/kg,reaching 84%of the MRL value;and the maximum harvest residue of tebuconazole in pears was<0.1 mg/kg,which was far lower than the MRL value.With the comprehensive analysis of the residues and dissipation characteristics of the three fungicides in pears and soil,it is found that the risk of tebuconazole was lower in diet and environment.The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the selection of pesticides with high control efficiency and low residue in the control of pear scab.

关 键 词：氟硅唑 腈菌唑 戊唑醇 梨 残留 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]