小麦镰刀菌叶枯病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Pathogen Identification and Biological Characteristics of Wheat Fusarium Leaf Blight

作　　者：郑童童 王宁 李进 荣华 雷斌 郭庆元[1] ZHENG Tongtong;WANG Ning;LI Jin;RONG Hua;LEI Bin;GUO Qingyuan(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Laboratory of Monitoring,Early Warning and Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Invasive Pests in Agriculture and Forestry,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/新疆农林外来入侵有害生物监测预警与综合防控生点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第8期90-98,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“棉花化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201900)。

摘　　要：为明确新疆塔城小麦主生产区小麦植株枯死及叶片干枯、斑点的原因,确定致病病原,为该病在田间的有效防治奠定基础。通过常规组织分离法对染病植株进行病原菌分离、纯化;通过针刺接种法进行致病性测定;结合形态学观察与rDNA-ITS、EF-1基因序列分析的方法鉴定病原菌种类;对鉴定得到的病原菌YE9、YE10进行生物学特性研究。经分离鉴定得到链格孢菌与镰刀菌,其中木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)与锐顶镰刀菌(Fusarium acuminatum)各20个,分离频率均为13%。F.equiseti、F.acuminatum最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,最佳光照条件为24 h;F.equiseti最适氮源为牛肉膏,最适生长温度为28℃,致死温度为53℃,最适生长pH为6.5;F.acuminatum最适氮源为酵母浸粉,最适最适生长温度为20℃,致死温度为50℃,最适生长PH为7.5。该实验明确了镰刀菌可以侵染小麦叶片引起小麦叶枯症状,在国内属于首次报道,为该病害田间有效防治进一步奠定基础。The study aims to clarify the causes of wheat plant death,leaf dryness and spots in main wheat production areas in Tacheng of Xinjiang,determine the pathogen,and lay a foundation for the effective disease control in field.In this study,the pathogenic bacteria of diseased plants were isolated and purified by conventional tissue isolation method.The pathogenicity was determined by needle inoculation;the pathogen species were identified by morphological observation and rDNA-ITS and EF-1 gene sequence analysis;and the biological characteristics of the identified pathogens YE9 and YE10 were studied.After isolation and identification,Alternaria and Fusarium were obtained,including 20 Fusarium equiseti and 20 Fusarium acuminatum respectively,and the isolation frequency was 13%.The optimum carbon source of F.equiseti and F.acuminatum was soluble starch,and the best illumination condition was 24 h.The optimum nitrogen source of F.equiseti was beef paste,and the optimum growth temperature was 28℃,the lethal temperature was 53℃,and the optimum growth pH was 6.5.The optimum nitrogen source of F.acuminatum was yeast extract powder,the optimum growth temperature was 20℃,the lethal temperature was 50℃,and the optimum growth pH was 7.5.The experiment confirmed that Fusarium could infect wheat leaves and cause the symptoms of wheat leaf blight,which was reported for the first time in China and laid a foundation for the effective control of the disease in field.

关 键 词：小麦 病原 镰刀菌 病原鉴定 叶枯 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]