播期、密度及施肥量对牡豆15主要农艺性状和光合特性的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Application Amount on Main Agronomic Traits and Photosynthetic Characters of Mudou 15

作　　者：刘长远 王磊[1,2] 齐玉鑫[1] 孙晓环[1] 孙国宏[1] 白艳凤[1] 李文[1] 王燕平[1] LIU Chang-yuan;WANG Lei;QI Yu-xin;SUN Xiao-huan;SUN Guo-hong;BAI Yan-feng;LI Wen;WANGYan-ping(Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Mudanjiang Experiment Station of National Soybean Improvement Center/Mudanjiang soybean Research Center,Mudanjiang 157041,China;Soybean Research Institute,Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean,Ministry of Agriculture and National Center for Soybean Improvement/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing 2100950,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院/国家大豆改良中心牡丹江试验站/牡丹江大豆研发中心,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [2]南京农业大学大豆研究所/农业农村部大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家大豆改良中心/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,江苏南京2100950

出　　处：《大豆科学》2023年第2期212-219,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划指导类项目(GZ20210081);黑龙江省自然基金(SS2021C002);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”(HNK2019CX01-7);黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院青年基金(2021002);黑龙江省农业科学院科技攻关项目(2021YYYF006);黑龙江省“百千万”工程科技重大专项(2019ZX16B01-9)。

摘　　要：为探讨高蛋白大豆品种牡豆15的高效栽培技术,本研究设播期、密度及施肥量3个因素,研究这3个因子对牡豆15的主要农艺性状和光合特性的影响。结果表明:在不同栽培因素条件下,牡豆15产量变化范围为1 958.97~2 851.28 kg·hm^(-2),最大变化幅度为45.55%;蛋白质含量均值变化范围为42.19%~45.06%,最大变化幅度为6.80%;播期、种植密度和施肥量对气孔导度均有影响,其中播期和施肥量对净光合速率影响较小,种植密度对净光合速率影响较大且低种植密度的净光合速率较高,同时高种植密度有利于提升细胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量。最高产量栽培方案为4月30日播种,保苗30万株·hm^(-2),施肥量为350 kg·hm^(-2),蛋白质含量最高的栽培方案为5月7日播种,保苗30万株·hm^(-2),施肥量400 kg·hm^(-2)。In order to explore the efficient cultivation technology of high protein soybean variety Mudou 15,three factors including sowing date, density and fertilizer application were set to study the effects of these three factors on the main agronomic and photosynthetic characteristics of Mudou 15. The results showed that under the conditions of different cultivation factors, the yield of Mudou 15 varied from 1 958.97 to 2 851.28 kg · ha^(-1), with the maximum variation of 45.55%. The average variation range of protein content was 42.19%-45.06%, and the maximum variation range was 6.80%. Sowing date, planting density and fertilizer application amount all had influence on net photosynthetic rate, among which sowing date and fertilizer application amount had little effect on net photosynthetic rate, planting density had more effect on photosynthesis, and the net photosynthetic rate at low planting density was higher. At the same time, high planting density could increase intercellular CO_(2)concentration, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content. After screening, the cultivation plan with the highest yield was sown on April 30, with planting density of 300 thousand plants· ha^(-1)and 350 kg · ha^(-1) for fertilizer application. The cultivation plan with the highest protein content was sown on May 7, with planting density of 300 thousand plants · ha^(-1) and 400 kg· ha^(-1) for fertilizer application.

关 键 词：大豆 牡豆15 播期 种植密度 施肥量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]