Controlled drainage in the Nile River delta of Egypt:a promising approach for decreasing drainage off-site effects and enhancing yield and water use efficiency of wheat  

作　　者：Mohamed K EL-GHANNAM Fatma WASSAR Sabah MORSY Mohamed HAFEZ Chiter M PARIHAR Kent O BURKEY Ahmed M ABDALLAH 

机构地区：[1]Soil,Water and Environment Research Institute,Agricultural Research Center,Giza 12112,Egypt [2]Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques of Gabès,University of Gabès,Gabès 6072,Tunisia [3]Institute of Arid Regions,Medenine 4119,Tunisia [4]Crop Science Department,Faculty of Agriculture,Damanhour University,Damanhour 22516,Egypt [5]Land and Water Technologies Department,Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute,City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications,New Borg El-Arab 21934,Egypt [6]Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI),New Delhi 110012,India [7]United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)-Agricultural Research Services(ARS),Plant Science Research Unit,North Carolina 27607,USA [8]Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering Department,Faculty of Agriculture,Damanhour University,Damanhour 22516,Egypt

出　　处：《Journal of Arid Land》2023年第4期460-476,共17页干旱区科学（英文版）

摘　　要：North Africa is one of the most regions impacted by water shortage.The implementation of controlled drainage(CD)in the northern Nile River delta of Egypt is one strategy to decrease irrigation,thus alleviating the negative impact of water shortage.This study investigated the impacts of CD at different levels on drainage outflow,water table level,nitrate loss,grain yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of various wheat cultivars.Two levels of CD,i.e.,0.4 m below the soil surface(CD-0.4)and 0.8 m below the soil surface(CD-0.8),were compared with subsurface free drainage(SFD)at 1.2 m below the soil surface(SFD-1.2).Under each drainage treatment,four wheat cultivars were grown for two growing seasons(November 2018–April 2019 and November 2019–April 2020).Compared with SFD-1.2,CD-0.4 and CD-0.8 decreased irrigation water by 42.0%and 19.9%,drainage outflow by 40.3%and 27.3%,and nitrate loss by 35.3%and 20.8%,respectively.Under CD treatments,plants absorbed a significant portion of their evapotranspiration from shallow groundwater(22.0%and 8.0%for CD-0.4 and CD-0.8,respectively).All wheat cultivars positively responded to CD treatments,and the highest grain yield and straw yield were obtained under CD-0.4 treatment.Using the initial soil salinity as a reference,the soil salinity under CD-0.4 treatment increased two-fold by the end of the second growing season without negative impacts on wheat yield.Modifying the drainage system by raising the outlet elevation and considering shallow groundwater contribution to crop evapotranspiration promoted water-saving and WUE.Different responses could be obtained based on the different plant tolerance to salinity and water stress,crop characteristics,and growth stage.Site-specific soil salinity management practices will be required to avoid soil salinization due to the adoption of long-term shallow groundwater in Egypt and other similar agroecosystems.

关 键 词：drainage ratio nitrate loss water use efficiency YIELD soil salinity Nile River delta 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S276