不同机械种植模式对甘蔗产量及效益影响  

Effects of Different Mechanical Planting Patterns on Yield and Benefit in Sugarcane

作　　者：梁阗[1] 罗亚伟[1] 游建华[1] 高轶静[1] 何为中[1] 谭宏伟[2] 周柳强[2] 刘丽敏[1] 刘红坚[1] 李涛[1] LIANG Tian;LUO Yawei;YOU Jianhua;GAO Yijing;HE Weizhong;TAN Hongwei;LIU Limin;LIUHongjian;LI Tao(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning 530007;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国糖料》2023年第2期41-46,共6页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“热带作物增产节本增效栽培技术集成与示范”(2020YFD1000600);财政部和农业农村部国家糖料产业技术体系项目(CARS-170206);广西农业科学院项目(桂TS202105,桂TS2016022);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队病虫害防治岗位(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03-03)资助。

摘　　要：以人工种植为对照,采用整杆即切种式种植机和预切种式种植机进行甘蔗不同机械种植模式比较试验,分析各种植模式作业质量、效率、甘蔗产量及经济效益等差异。结果表明:即切种式种植和预切种式种植伤芽率分别为12.4%、9.7%,种茎破头率分别为9.1%、5.8%,均高于人工种植伤芽率的2.4%和种茎破头率的4.7%;预切种式种植萌芽率最高为50.1%,显著高于即切种式种植的42.9%;人工种植有效茎数和成茎率分别为79290条/hm^(2)和60.4%,显著高于预切种式种植的72330条/hm^(2)和49.9%;三种种植模式甘蔗分蘖率、株高、茎径及产量差异不显著;与人工种植相比即切种式种植工效提高3.18倍、作业成本降低1209元/hm^(2)、减收463元/hm^(2),预切种式种植工效提高3.78倍、作业成本减少947元/hm^(2)、减收2902元/hm^(2)。机械种植可以提高工效、减少用工成本,以整杆即切种式种植作业成本、产量及收益优于预切式机械种植处理。With artificial planting as the control,the comparative test for different mechanical planting modes was carried out by using immediate cut planter and pre-cut planter in sugarcane,and the operation quality,efficiency,sugarcane yield and economic benefit of each planting mode were analyzed.The results showed that the bud damage rate was 12.4%and 9.7%,and the broken rate was 9.1%and 5.8%for immediate cut planting and pre-cut planting,respectively,which were both higher than that of 2.4%and 4.7%with artificial planting.The highest germination rate for pre-cut planting was 50.1%,which was significantly higher than immediate cut planting(42.9%).The number of millable stalk and the stalk formation rate for artificial planting were 79290/hm^(2) and 60.4%,respectively,both were significantly higher than those for immediate cut planting(72330/hm^(2)and 49.9%).There were no significant differences in tiller rate,plant height,stalk diameter and yield among the three planting patterns.Compared to artificial planting,the work efficiency increased 3.18 times,the operating cost decreased 1209 yuan/hm^(2),and the income decreased 463 yuan/hm^(2)for immediate cut planting.The work efficiency increased 3.78 times,the operating cost decreased 947 yuan/hm^(2),and the income decreased 2902 yuan/hm^(2)for pre-cut planting.Mechanical planting could improve the work efficiency and reduce the labor cost.The operation cost,yield and income for immediate cut planting were better than those of pre-cut mechanical planting.

关 键 词：种植机 种植模式 甘蔗 产量 效益 

分 类 号：S435.663[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]