土壤中抗生素抗性基因的环境行为与阻控研究进展  

Environmental Behavior and Control of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soil—A Review

作　　者：生弘杰 王芳[1,3] 相雷雷 付玉豪 王紫泉 许敏 梅芝[1,3] 刘雨 豆庆圆 蒋新 JAMES M.Tiedje SHENG Hongjie;WANG Fang;XIANG Leilei;FU Yuhao;WANG Ziquan;XU Min;MEI Zhi;LIU Yu;DOU Qingyuan;JIANG Xin;JAMES MTiedje(Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Plant,Soil and Microbial Sciences,Michigan State University,MI 48824,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]Department of Plant,Soil and Microbial Sciences,Michigan State University,MI 48824,USA

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第1期39-49,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977137、42007133、41991333);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC035);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20191107)资助。

摘　　要：抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的传播威胁着生态环境安全和人体健康,已成为一个全球性的问题。土壤中抗生素抗性基因的分布、来源、扩散传播以及消减技术已成为一个研究热点。本文在简要介绍自然环境和受人类活动干扰土壤中抗生素抗性基因分布水平的基础上,分析了土壤中抗生素抗性基因的主要来源,剖析了抗生素抗性基因由土壤向其他环境介质(水、植物)传播的规律及其影响因素,如土壤理化性质、农艺调控和环境中污染物等。进而探讨了环境中各种生物和非生物因素对土壤中抗生素抗性基因持久性的影响和环境中抗生素抗性基因的消减技术,包括好氧堆肥、厌氧发酵、水处理工艺等。最后,提出遵循“大健康(One Health)”准则,以跨学科的方法控制抗生素抗性基因在环境中的传播,以更全面地将抗生素抗性基因对人类的健康风险降低至最低水平。Over the past several decades,the long-term misuse and abuse of antibiotics in human health and livestock production have significantly contributed to the widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance.Antibiotic resistance has been regarded as the top of the six emerging environmental issues and global challenges humans face in this century.Antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB)and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in natural and agricultural environments such as soil may have a substantial impact on the spread of resistance determinants to the human microbiome.Research on the distribution,source,diffusion and elimination techniques of ARGs in soil has become a hot topic.ARGs have been widely identified in diverse environments affected or unaffected by human activities,including soil,water sources,and atmosphere.Soil undoubtedly contains a complex natural resistome and also acts as a key reservoir for ARB and ARGs in the environment.The ARGs in soil primarily originate from internal resistance and external input.The internal resistance in microorganisms mainly indicates the presence of ARGs in the genomes of microbes.However,the antibiotic resistance in microbial can also be ascribed to the random mutation of genes under special conditions.In addition,with the widespread use of antibiotics in clinical care,livestock and agricultural production,more ARB and ARGs are introduced into the soil,resulting in an increased enrichment of ARGs.The transfer of ARGs often occurs via environmental media.However,recent studies have shown that they may also be transmitted between parents and offspring or among different species of bacteria by vertical and horizontal gene transfer(HGT),respectively.ARGs in the soil can be transferred to surface/groundwater,atmosphere and the phytosphere.Both natural factors and human activities play vital roles in ARGs transmission in soils.For example,soil physicochemical properties(pH,organic matter,water content,etc.),agronomic regulations(cropping patterns,reclaimed water irrigation,organic f

关 键 词：抗生素抗性基因 抗生素抗性细菌 土壤 水平基因转移 大健康 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]