2种叶型膏桐幼苗的形态结构和光合特性  

Morphological Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Jatropha nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang and Jatropha curcas Seedlings with Different Leaf Types

作　　者：孟畅 彭洋 赵杨[1] 王秀荣[1] 肖枫 Meng Chang;Peng Yang;Zhao Yang;Wang Xiurong;Xiao Feng(Research Centre for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Province College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025;Guizhou National Longli Forest Farm,Longli 551200)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院、贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省国有龙里林场,龙里551200

出　　处：《林业科学》2022年第12期32-41,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：贵州省基础研究计划(202042920301110142)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确2种叶型膏桐叶片形态结构和光合特性差异,探讨皱叶膏桐高产原因,为膏桐遗传改良与高效栽培提供参考。【方法】观测膏桐和皱叶膏桐的叶形态、解剖结构、光谱反射特性、叶绿素荧光特性以及光合参数日变化,探究不同叶形态膏桐幼苗的光合作用能力差异。【结果】1)除叶柄长度外,皱叶膏桐的叶长、叶宽及叶面积均显著低于膏桐。2)皱叶膏桐的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均显著高于膏桐,2种膏桐叶片中的可溶性糖含量无显著差异。3)皱叶膏桐的叶肉细胞体积显著小于膏桐,并且两者排列方式不同。4)在绿光波段和近红外光波段,皱叶膏桐叶片的反射率明显低于膏桐。5)光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心最大光化学效率F v/F m和潜在化学效率F_(v)/F_(0),均无显著差异;皱叶膏桐PSⅡ反应中心参数Y(Ⅱ)和F_(v)′/F_(m)′均高于膏桐;2种膏桐的PSⅡ调节性能量耗散的电子产量Y(NPQ)和PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的电子产量Y(NO)日变化趋势均一致,但皱叶膏桐的Y(NPQ)高于膏桐,Y(NO)低于膏桐,表明皱叶膏桐的光保护机制优于膏桐;在8:00—14:00时段内,皱叶膏桐的净光合速率参数P n、气孔导度参数G s以及蒸腾速率参数Tr均高于膏桐;在14:00—18:00时段内,膏桐的光合参数均呈下降趋势,皱叶膏桐则有不同程度的回升。【结论】与膏桐相比,皱叶膏桐叶片面积较小,叶绿素含量较高,对光的截留、吸收以及光能转化的能力均较强;在高强光条件下,皱叶膏桐的光损害调节能力更强,具有更强的光合作用能力,即皱叶膏桐的形态结构更利于植物进行光合作用。【Objective】The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences in leaf morphological structure and photosynthetic characteristics between Jatropha nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang and J.curcas,which have two different leaf types,and also to explore the reasons for the high yield of J.nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang and provide a reference for genetic improvement and efficient cultivation of Jatropha.【Method】The leaf phenotype parameters,leaf anatomical structure parameters,spectral reflection characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and diurnal changes of photosynthetic parameters observed and measured in order to explore the effects of different leaf morphological structures on the photosynthetic capacity of J.nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang and J.curcas.【Result】1)Except the petiole length,the leaf length,leaf width and leaf area of J.nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang were significantly lower than those of J.curcas.2)The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in J.nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang were significantly higher than those in J.curcas,but there was no significant difference in the content of soluble sugar between them.3)The volume of mesophyll cells of J.nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang was significantly smaller than that of J.curcas,and the arrangement of mesophyll cells of them was different.4)The reflectance of leaves of J.nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang was significantly lower than that of J.curcas in the green band and near infrared band.5)There was no significant difference between the maximum photochemical efficiency(F v/F m)and the potential activity(F_(v)/F_(0))of PSⅡreaction center.Both the parameters Y(Ⅱ)reaction center and F_(v)′/F_(m)′of J.nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang were higher than those of J.curcas.The diurnal variation trends of the electron yield Y(NPQ)of PSⅡ-regulated energy dissipation and the electron yield Y(NO)of PSⅡnon-regulatory energy dissipation of the two were the same,but J.nigroviensrugosus cv.Yang had a higher Y(NPQ)and a lower Y(NO)than J.curcas,which i

关 键 词：膏桐 皱叶膏桐 叶形态结构 光合特性 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]