黄河三角洲盐碱地作物生态高效生产策略与技术  

Strategies and Techniques for Eco-Efficient Crop Production in Saline-Alkali Land of the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：董合忠[1] 迟宝杰 代建龙[1] 张艳军 崔正鹏 张冬梅[1] Dong Hezhong;Chi Baojie;Dai Jianlong;Zhang Yanjun;Cui Zhengpeng;Zhang Dongmei(Institute of Industrial Crops,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong University of Agriculture and Engineering,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院经济作物研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东农业工程学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第3期38-41,共4页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-15-15);国家自然科学基金项目(32101844);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MC103)。

摘　　要：针对黄河三角洲盐碱地作物生产存在的熟制单一、生态脆弱、农田周期性返盐和面源污染严重等突出问题,本文提出了盐碱地“分类施策、用养结合”的管理策略和作物生态高效生产技术。轻度盐碱地以发展粮油作物为主,坚持“种轮防返”策略,利用粮油作物与耐盐作物周期性轮作、粮油作物宽幅间作轮作,防止返盐,保持地力;中度盐碱地坚持“用养结合”策略,合理布局棉花、高粱、油葵、饲草、绿肥等耐盐作物,科学配置一熟、两熟及单作、间作、轮作等种植模式,采用轻简化机械化生态高效生产技术,实现用养结合;重度盐碱地立足“生态保护”,发展碱蓬、柽柳等盐生植物复合种植模式,覆盖地表、抑制返盐、保护生态。通过分类施策、用养结合,实现生态效益和经济效益协同提高,引领黄河三角洲盐碱地高效生态农业高质量发展。In view of the obvious problems in crop production in the saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta,such as single cropping,fragile ecology,periodic salt accumulation in topsoil and serious non-point source pollution,we put forward the management strategy of“classified application of policies and combination of utilization and cultivation”and the eco-efficient production technology of crops in saline-alkali land.The light saline-alkali land was mainly grown with grain and oil crops,and adhered to the strategy of“planting rotation to prevent returning”.Periodic rotation of grain and oil crops and salt tolerant crops,and wide intercropping of grain and oil crops could be used to prevent salt accumulation in topsoil and maintain soil fertility.The moderate saline-alkali land should be mainly distributed with salt tolerant crops such as cotton,sorghum,oil sunflower,forage grass and green manure.Double cropping,single cropping,intercropping,rotation and other planting modes as well as light and simplified or mechanized ecological and efficient production technology could be comprehensively used to achieve the combination of utilization and conservation.The high-alkali saline land could be conserved with compound planting mode of halophytes such as Suaeda salsa and Tamarix tamarix to cover the ground to protect the topsoil from salt accumulation for ecological purpose.Through the management strategy,the ecological and economic benefits could be improved together,so it would lead the high-quality development of efficient ecological agriculture in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 盐碱地 耐盐经济作物 生态高效 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S343.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]