梨园土壤真菌群落垂直分布及功能预测分析  

Vertical Distribution and Functional Prediction Analysis of Soil Fungal Community in Pear Orchard

作　　者：冀明辉 高丽娟[1] 李龙飞[1] 徐金涛[1] 郝宝锋[1] Ji Minghui;Gao Lijuan;Li Longfei;Xu Jintao;Hao Baofeng(Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Changli 066600,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第3期83-94,共12页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家梨产业技术体系项目(CARS-28-27);河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目(2021020201;2023020104);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)。

摘　　要：为明确梨园土壤真菌群落垂直分布差异、阐明真菌与土壤关系,为改善土壤真菌群落结构、提高土壤质量提供依据,本试验以12年梨园土壤为研究对象,对5~15、15~25、25~35 cm土层进行土壤理化性质测定及高通量测序,解析土壤营养变化趋势、真菌垂直分布情况及功能预测分析。结果表明,随土壤深度增加,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量逐渐降低且变化速率逐渐减缓;OTUs逐渐减少,香农指数、辛普森指数、Chao 1指数、ACE指数逐渐降低。由PCoA分析及Tukey检验可知:随着土壤深度增加,物种差异逐渐加大,5~15 cm与25~35 cm土层间群落多样性差异显著。土壤真菌门类以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为主,属类以镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、被孢菌属(Mortierella)、产油菌属(Solicoccozyma)为主,子囊菌门、镰刀菌属在25~35 cm相对丰度最大,被孢霉门、担子菌门、被孢菌属在15~25 cm相对丰度最大,产油菌属在5~15 cm相对丰度最大。通过t-test分析可知:5~15 cm与15~25 cm差异物种以罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)、产油菌属为主,5~15 cm与25~35 cm差异物种以子囊菌门、镰刀菌属为主,15~25 cm与25~35 cm差异物种以瓶毛菌属(Lophotrichus)为主。土壤真菌功能以腐生、病原-腐生营养类型为主,15~25 cm相对丰度最大。相关性分析中:罗兹菌门与土壤理化性质呈显著正相关;腐生营养型与真菌门类相关性较强。综上,土壤深度与土壤理化性质、真菌群落多样性关系密切;土层越深,真菌多样性、稳定性、均一性降低,差异增加。In order to clarify the vertical distribution differences of soil fungal community in pear orchard,elucidate the relationship between fungi and soil,and provide bases for improving soil fungal community structure and soil quality.This experiment took 12 year-old pear orchard soil as the research object and car-ried out soil physical and chemical property determination and high-throughput sequencing in 5~15,15~25-cm and 25~35-cm soil layers to analyze soil nutrient change trend,fungal vertical distribution and function prediction analysis.The results showed that the contents of organic matter,available nitrogen,available phos-phorus and available potassium decreased gradually,and the change rate slowed down with soil depth increased;OTUs,Shannon index,Simpson index,Chao1 index and ACE index decreased gradually.The PCoA analysis and Tukey test found that the species differences gradually increased with soil depth increased,and the differences in community diversity between 5~15-cm and 25~35-cm soil layers were significant.The main phyla were Ascomycota,Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota,and the main genera were Fusarium,Mortierel-la and Solicoccozyma.The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Fusarium was the highest in 25~35-cm soil layer,and that of Mortierellomycota,Basidiomycota and Mortierella was the highest in 15~25-cm soil layer,the relative abundance of Solicoccozyma was the highest in 5~15-cm soil layer.The t-test analysis showed that the differential species between 5~15-cm and 15~25-cm layers was dominated by Rozellomycota and Solicoc-cozyma,the differential species between 5~15-cm and 25~35-cm layers was dominated by Ascomycota and Fusarium,and the differential species between 15~25-cm and 25~35-cm layers was dominated by Lophotri-chus.Soil fungal functions were dominated by saprophytic and pathogenic-saprophytic trophic types,and the relative abundance was the greatest in 15~25-cm soil layer.The correlation analysis showed that Rozellomycota was significantly related to soil physicochemical properties;

关 键 词：梨园 真菌 土壤 垂直分布 差异物种 功能预测 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学] Q938.1[农业科学—园艺学]