缓控释肥对春玉米干物质积累、产量和经济效益的影响  

Effects of Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation,Yield and Economic Benefit of Spring Maize

作　　者：吕巨智[1] 石达金[1] 周勋波[2] 唐国荣[1] 李发桥 贺囡囡[1] 谢小东[1] 谭贤杰[1] 邹成林[1] 程伟东[1] 张述宽[3] LüJuzhi;Shi Dajin;Zhou Xunbo;Tang Guorong;Li Faqiao;He Nannan;Xie Xiaodong;Tan Xianjie;Zou Chenglin;Cheng Weidong;Zhang Shukuan(Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西大学,广西南宁530004 [3]广西农业科学院,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第3期132-136,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系南宁玉米综合试验站项目(CARS-02-86);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项资金项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-04-04);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2021JM44,桂农科2019ZX14)。

摘　　要：以桂单162为供试品种,采用大田试验,研究常规施肥(CK)、“一炮轰”和一次性缓控释肥(2种)共4个处理对春玉米农艺性状、干物质积累与分配、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥(CK)相比,一次性缓控释肥处理下玉米株高、穗位高、茎粗、叶面积和单株干物质积累量均较高;一次性缓控释肥处理下前期干物质在叶片和茎鞘中的分配比例均较低,后期在籽粒中的分配比例较高;一次性缓控释肥有助于增加玉米吐丝阶段穗的干物质积累量,提高成熟期玉米籽粒产量;一次性缓控释肥处理不仅能提高玉米百粒重,同时也能提高玉米穗行数和行粒数,穗长、穗粗和秃尖长均有不同程度的改善。T3处理条件下,百粒重较CK提高7.36%,秃尖长减少28.8%,产量提高3.96%,农民收益增长25.20%。综之,与常规施肥相比,选用茂施牌一次性缓控释肥进行一次性底施,不仅可以为植株生长过程提供充足肥料,同时还可以合理调配干物质分布,增加籽粒中干物质分配比例,最终提高产量和收益。Taking Guidan 162 as test variety,the field experiment was conducted to study the effects of four treatments on agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and economic benefit of spring maize.The four treatments were set as conventional fertilization(CK),disposable application of highnitrogen Entec compound fertilizer during sowing(T1),basal application of Kingenta slow and controlled release fertilizer(T2),and basal application of Moith slow and controlled release fertilizer(T3).The results showed that the plant height,ear height,stem diameter,leaf area and dry matter accumulation per plant of maize under disposable application of slow and controlled release fertilizer(T3 and T4)treatment were higher than those under CK treatment.The distribution proportion of dry matter in leaves and stem and sheath were lower at early stage but higher in grains at later stage under T3 and T4 treatments,and the dry matter accumulation of corn ears at silking stage and the yield of mature maize increased;at the same time,the 100-grain weight,number of rows per ear and number of grains per row were also increased,and the ear length,ear diameter and bald-tip length were improved in different degrees.Under T3 treatment,the 100-grain weight increased by 7.36%compared to CK treatment,bald tip length decreased by 28.8%,yield increased by 3.96%,and farmers’income increased by 25.20%.To sum up,compared with CK treatment,T4 treatment could not only provide sufficient fertilizer for plant growth,but also adjust the distribution of dry matter reasonably and increase the distribution proportion of dry matter in grain,so increased yield and economic benefit.

关 键 词：春玉米 缓控释肥 干物质积累与分配 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]