新疆盐碱地变化及其治理措施研究进展  

Research Progress on Saline-Alkali Land Changes and Its Treatment Measures in Xinjiang

作　　者：朱生堡 乌尔古丽·托尔逊 唐光木 张云舒 徐万里 马海刚 Zhu Shengbao;Wuerguli Tuoerxun;Tang Guangmu;Zhang Yunshu;Xu Wanli;Ma Haigang(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830092,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Land Improvement and Utilization(Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China;Zepu County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Zepu 844800,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830092 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]泽普县农业技术推广中心,新疆泽普844800

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第3期158-165,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900802)。

摘　　要：研究盐碱地的变化及其治理措施对解决国家粮食安全、盐渍土开发利用、促进农业健康发展、遏制土壤盐渍化的加重与扩展等具有重要意义。本文采用文献资料法,汇总和对比国内外相关文献,综述新疆盐碱地的变化及其治理措施研究进展。新疆盐渍化耕地面积达126.39万hm^(2),分布广、类型多、治理难度大,近年来主要应用水利工程、农业耕作、化学改良剂和生物改良等措施对盐碱地进行治理,取得显著效果。但水利工程治理措施费用和养护成本均高,且要求具备丰富的水源和完善的排灌技术;农业改良措施工作量很大,生产成本也较高,易对地面土壤产生损害,且操作不善易对自然环境产生不良影响;化学改良措施成本也较高,不适宜较大范围内应用,且过量施用化学改良剂会造成土壤二次污染;生物改良措施经济成本低,其中耐盐植物可以促进土壤微生物活性,但土壤含盐量并没有显著下降。未来在节水灌溉条件下,新疆的盐碱治理需要暗管技术、农业耕作栽培技术、低成本高效生物化学改良产品以及耐盐作物的有机结合,形成节水抑盐、灌排协同、产能提升的盐碱地综合调控技术和治理模式,以推动新疆绿洲农业的可持续发展,保障新疆绿洲生态安全。It is of great significance to study the change of saline-alkali land and its treatment measures to solve national food security,develop and utilize saline soil,promote the healthy development of agriculture,curb the aggravation and expansion of soil salinization,etc.The literature method was used in this paper to summarize and compare relevant literature at home and abroad,and reviewed the changes of saline-alkali land and its treatment measures in Xinjiang.Saline arable land in Xinjiang covers an area of 126.39×10^(4)hm^(2),which distributeds widely,has various types and is great difficult to treat.In recent years,hydraulic engineer-ing,agricultural farming,chemical amendments,biological improvement,etc.mainly applied to the treatment of saline-alkali land,and remarkable results has achieved.However,the cost of treatment measures and main-tenance of water conservancy projects were high,and abundant water sources and perfect drainage and irrigation technologies were required.Agricultural improvement measures had a large workload and high production costs,and were easy to cause damage to the ground soil,and poor operations were easy to have adverse effects on the natural environment.The costs of chemical improvement measures were also high,which was not suitable for large-scale application,and excessive application of chemical amendments would cause secondary soil pollution.The economic costs of biological improvement measures were low,and the salt-tolerant plants could promote the activity of soil microorganisms,but the soil salinity did not decrease significantly.In the future,under the condition of water-saving irrigation,the saline-alkali treatment in Xinjiang would require the organic combination of underground pipe technology,agricultural cultivation technology,low-cost and high-efficient biochemical improving products,and salt-tolerant crops,to form a comprehensive control technology and governance model of saline-alkali land with water saving and salt suppression,irrigation and drainage coordina-tion,and

关 键 词：盐碱地改良 水利工程措施 农业改良措施 化学改良措施 生物改良措施 新疆 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]