英国查理一世时期的“船税”征收与海军建设  

The Ship Money Levy and Navy Building during the Reign of Charles I in England

作　　者：陈剑 Chen Jian

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2023年第1期25-46,291,292,共24页The World History Review

摘　　要：随着英国在近代早期的海外扩张与海权意识的提升,建设一支强大的海军成为英国政府的重要目标。“船税”是英王查理一世为建设海军而开征的一种税,其征收反映了英国海军建设的财政困境。由于传统的财政制度难以为海军建设提供所需资金,查理一世将战时征船权力变为征款权力,以图破解海军建设的财政难题。然而,“船税”的征收引起了不满与抵制,反对者基于一套不同于政府的海军建设路线,试图说服查理一世停征“船税”,支持由他们倡导的海军建设方案。对“船税”的不满最终使其遭到废止。作为一个具有典型意义的个案,“船税”问题折射出内战前英国海军建设的财政与政治困局,反映出重构国家与社会关系,以深化英国海权发展的必要性。With England’s overseas expansion and competition for sea power in the early modern period,it became an important goal of English government to build a powerful navy,and the ship money was an income levied by King Charles I for the building of the navy.The collection of ship money reflected the financial difficulties in the construction of the navy.As the traditional fiscal system was difficult to provide the required funds for the navy,Charles I changed the prerogative of ship levy in wartime into prerogative of ship money levy.However,the collection of the ship money attracted dissatisfaction and resistance,and the opponents tried to persuade Charles I to give up ship money policy and to follow their naval construction route which was cheaper than government’s.Dissatisfaction with the ship money eventually led to its abolition.As a typical case,the issue of ship money reflects the financial and political difficulties of England in building a powerful navy before the Civil War,and the necessity of reconstructing the relationship between the state and society to deepen the development of the sea power of England.

关 键 词：英国 查理一世 “船税” 海军建设 海权 

分 类 号：F81[经济管理—财政学]