约束“流浪者”:19世纪至20世纪早期的德国吉普赛人政策  

Regulation of the“Itinerant”:the German Gypsy-Policy from the 19th to the Early 20th Century

作　　者：王琼颖 Wang Qiongying

机构地区：[1]苏州大学社会学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2023年第1期47-60,292,共15页The World History Review

摘　　要：德意志地区对吉普赛人的歧视自近代以来便已存在,但直到德意志帝国建立前后,官方才陆续出台针对吉普赛人(及“以吉普赛方式流浪”的德意志人)的约束措施。第一次世界大战结束后,这一政策变得更为严苛且系统。本文将主要讨论吉普赛人政策如何在德意志帝国至魏玛共和国期间从限制人口流动向加强身份控制(“标签化”)转变,及其实践在公共领域所激发的反响;并尝试从政策变化和舆论反响两方面出发,建立起流动人口治理与第三帝国针对吉普赛人的种族迫害之间的关联。Discrimination against Gypsies(Zigeuner)in the German-regions have been in existence since modern period.However,there weren’t any constraint measures against Gypsies(and Germans living in the Gypsy way)countrywide introduced by the authorities until the establishment of the German Empire.After World War I,the Gypsy-policy became more rigorous and systematic.This article will mainly discuss how the Gypsy policy changed from restricting population movement to strengthening identity-controlling(Etikettierung)during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic,and the repercussion of its practice in the public.From dual perspective of the policy development and the changing of public opinion,I will also try to establish a connection between this regulation of the floating population and the ethnic persecution of Gypsies by the Nazi-regime.

关 键 词：吉普赛人 “打击吉普赛人混乱” 约束措施 德意志帝国 魏玛共和国 

分 类 号：K51[历史地理—历史学]