英美自由主义与财产权观念的发展变迁  

The Evolution of British and American Liberalism and the Changes of Property Rights Ideology

作　　者：孙群郎[1] Sun Qunlang

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2023年第1期92-117,293,共27页The World History Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“美国郊区的低密度开发与生态环境保护研究”(项目编号:19YJA770013);国家社科基金项目“美国城市发展与环境治理研究”(项目编号:20BSS037)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从17世纪后期到20世纪后期的300年历史时期内,各种型号的“自由主义”思想贯穿其间,比如古典自由主义、新自由主义和新古典自由主义。国家主权与私人财产权之间的关系问题始终是这些“自由主义”的核心问题。古典自由主义认为,私人财产是神圣不可侵犯的,国家主权不应该干预私人财产和经济活动;新自由主义则认为,私人财产是相对的,具有一定的社会性和社会义务,国家有权对私人财产和经济活动进行干预和规范;新古典自由主义又重提古典自由主义的财产权观念,虽然不再宣扬私人财产神圣不可侵犯,但认为私人财产是个人自由和权利的保障,国家不应该对其进行过多干预,只有那些有利于市场经济的政策才是可行的。From the late 17th century to the late 20th century,various kinds of“liberalism”run through the 300-year historical period,such as classical liberalism,new liberalism and neo-classical liberalism.The core of these“liberalism”has always been the relationship between state sovereignty and private property rights.The classical liberalism holds that private property is sacred and state sovereignty should not interfere with private properties and economic activities,while the new liberalism holds that private property is not absolute and shoulders social obligations,and the state has power to intervene and regulate private properties and economic activities.Neo-classical liberalism repeats the property right concept of classical liberalism,though not emphasizing the sanctity of private property,and insists that private property is the safeguard of individual freedom and rights where the state should not intervene excessively and only policies contributing to the market economy are feasible.

关 键 词：古典自由主义 新自由主义 新古典自由主义 财产权 国家干预 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]