环境—人—时间的共情:方塔园设计观的当代意义  

The Environment–Human–Time Empathy:Fangta Park’s Design Philosophy for Contemporary Enlightenment

作　　者：姚栋[1] 刘佳颉 吴子乐 Yao Dong;Liu Jiajie;Wu Zile(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urban Renewal and Spatial Optimisation Technology,Shanghai 200092;CIFI Holdings(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200092;College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室,上海200092 [2]旭辉集团股份有限公司,上海200092 [3]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2022年第4期93-102,共10页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1100801)。

摘　　要：文章遵循冯纪忠在方塔园设计同期发表的理论,考据历史现场“再做一遍”方塔园设计实验。过程验证了理论与实践的关联,也证明了对审美客体(环境)与审美主体(市民)的强调能创造多重共情。方塔园设计观为城市更新中的建筑实践提供了“环境-人-时间”问题的重要参考:1)面对环境变迁,如何在大尺度城市更新中凸显历史建筑?2)以市民为中心,如何由诸多遗产组成感受丰富的导线?3)就时间而言,当代设计如何与历史共存而非取代?方塔园设计观包括对审美客体的全局思考,为审美主体的风景开拓,以及主客交融后的与古为新。十年设计求索,在逆时针遗产之旅终点的市民建筑——何陋轩是与古为新的建筑示范,也与宋塔和公园一起成为写进历史的整体艺术。The article analyses the publications by Feng Jizhong(1915–2009)during the design of Fangta Park(Square Pagoda Park),and examines his design experiment of‘do it again’in the historical site of the park.The process verifies the connection between theory and practice.It demonstrates that the emphasis on both the object(environment)and the subject(people)of aesthetic appreciation can stimulate multiple empathies in the park.The design philosophy of Fangta Park provides essential references to‘environment–human–time’problems for the architectural practice in the age of urban regeneration.In the aspect of environmental changes,highlighting historic buildings under the overwhelming scale of urban renewal becomes the primary issue.For visitors’sake,composing various heritage sites into a guiding route that can arouse rich feelings is the second challenge.In terms of time,the third question is how to make contemporary designs coexist instead of replacing the historic built environment.The design philosophy of Fangta Park includes overall thoughts on the environment,the scenery exploitation for the people,and joining the past to become the new through subject–object coalescence.After a decade of design exploration,the public architecture at the end of the counterclockwise heritage trail,Helou Pavilion(Pavilion of Humility),is an architectural demonstration of joining the past to become the new,and has become a Gesamtkunstwerk(total artwork)written in history alongside the Song-dynasty(960–1279 CE)pagoda and the park.

关 键 词：方塔园 冯纪忠 全局思考 风景开拓 与古为新 

分 类 号：TU-86[艺术—艺术设计] TU242.7[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU-024