实物资产上链后的财产权性质初探  

On the Nature of Property Right of Physical Asset Token Offering

作　　者：王博文 陆岷峰 WANG Bowen;LU Minfeng

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学法学院,天津300222 [2]南京工业大学互联网金融创新发展研究中心,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《成都行政学院学报》2023年第1期85-95,119,共12页Journal of Chengdu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“数字普惠金融促进乡村产业振兴的模式创新与政策研究”(20BJY114)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字资产与实体资产在一定条件下可相互转化,若将实体资产的相关权益映射至区块链上,则该资产便具备了数字化属性成为数字资产,这一转化过程称为“资产上链”。以上链的资产内容为标准,数字资产可以分为数据类资产与实物类资产。用户对两类数字资产所享有的权利均具备财产权的基本特征。因区块链技术的应用使得数据类资产具备“不可复制性”和“公示性”,满足了物权客体特定的要求,可以被用户所管控和支配,故具备“物权性”,应纳入物权法的调整范围。而对于不动产链上资产通证而言,若使其发挥“物权凭证”的功能,则需借助预告登记制度,使得链上不动产过户请求权具备对抗第三人的绝对效力。关于动产链上资产通证,由于链上资产的流转具备公示性,故在物权法定缓和的趋势下,使其具备绝对性效力成为可能。Digital assets and physical assets can be mutually transformed under certain conditions.If the relevant rights of physical assets are mapped on the blockchain,the assets will have digital properties,and thus become digital assets.This process is called"asset token offering".In terms of the asset content,digital assets can be divided into data assets and physical assets.Users'rights to the above digital assets have the basic characteristics of property rights.The application of blockchain endows digital assets with the nature of"non-replicability"and publicness,which meets the specified requirements of the property object and can be controlled by users.Therefore,they have the"property right"and should be included in the adjustment scope of the property law.For the asset token of the real estate,if it can play the function of"document of title",it needs to use the advance notice registration system to make the right to request the transfer of real estate in the future have absolute effect against the third party.As for the asset token of movable assets,because its circulation is public,it is possible for it to have absolute effect under the trend of eased property rights.

关 键 词：区块链 数字资产 物权凭证 债权物权化 物权法定 

分 类 号：F832.39[经济管理—金融学]