核与辐射应急情况下人员体表放射性污染控制水平应用探讨  

Discussion on application of control level of radioactive contamination on personnel′s body surface in a nuclear and radiological emergency

作　　者：李蓉 李百龙 谢向东 陈肖华 刘玉龙[4] 高宗科[5] 李静[6] 杨新瑞 刘晶 Li Rong;Li Bailong;Xie Xiangdong;Chen Xiaohua;Liu Yulong;Gao Zongke;Li Jing;Yang Xinrui;Liu Jing(Department of Military Preventive Medicine,PLA Army Medical University,Institute of Combined Injury,State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burn Combined Injury,Chongqing 400038,China;Department of Marine Medicine,PLA Navy Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China;Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medicine,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100850,China;Department of Oncology and Occupational Diseases,Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou 215004,China;PLA 96607 Military Hospital,Baoji 72100,China;Department of Military Preventive Medicine,PLA Air Force Medical University,Xi′an 710038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军陆军军医大学军事预防医学系复合伤研究所创伤烧伤复合伤国家重点实验室,重庆400038 [2]中国人民解放军海军军医大学海医系,上海200433 [3]中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京100850 [4]苏州大学附属第二医院肿瘤职业病科,苏州215004 [5]中国人民解放军96607部队医院,宝鸡721000 [6]中国人民解放军空军军医大学军事预防医学系,西安710038

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2023年第3期222-227,共6页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82173456);四川省自然科学基金重点项目(2022NSFSC0051);全军后勤科研重大项目(AWS17J007);重庆市自然科学基金(CSTC2021jcyj-msxm3803)。

摘　　要：目前发布的多个国家标准阐述的人员体表放射性污染的控制水平,存在诸多差异和不协调,给应用者造成困惑。因此,拟对相关标准的适用范围和适用条件进行比对,并结合类似的临床核医学标准中的防护内容,给出核与辐射事故应急情况下应正确应用的污染控制水平以及使用建议,供应急人员参考使用。对争议较多的0.04~10 Bq/cm^(2)的α污染和0.4~100 Bq/cm^(2)的β污染人员,根据对类似标准的讨论,建议在二级以上医疗救治机构,有条件充分洗消,可以到达α污染<0.04 Bq/cm^(2)和β污染<0.4 Bq/cm^(2)的污染控制水平。There are differences and inconsistencies to some degree in the radioactive contamination control level of personnel′s body surface availiable in many national standards,thus puzzling the users.Therefore,it is proposed to compare the applicable scope,conditions and differences between relevant national standards,and combine with similar clinical nuclear medicine standards of radiological protection content to presevent recommendations on the contamination control level that should be correctly applied in an event of nuclear and radiological emergency.Based on the discussion of similar standards,the contaminated personnel withαof 0.04-10 Bq/cm^(2) andβof 0.4-100 Bq/cm^(2) are advised to be treated in the institutions with higher than secondary medical insititution.Bothαecontamination control levels less than 0.04 Bq/cm^(2) andβlevels less than 0.4 Bq/cm^(2) could be achivable,if fully decontaminated.

关 键 词：核与辐射应急 表面放射性污染 去污 控制水平 国家标准 

分 类 号：R146[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]