人工髋关节假体生物力学与生物摩擦学性能评价方法研究进展  

Advance in the Bio-Mechanical and Bio-Tribological Evaluation of Hip Prosthesis

作　　者：史鸿星 张小刚 张亚丽 崔文 张国贤 靳忠民 SHI Hongxing;ZHANG Xiaogang;ZHANG Yali;CUI Wen;ZHANG Guoxian;JIN Zhongmin(Tribology Research Institute,School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Sichuan Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院摩擦学研究所,四川成都610031

出　　处：《摩擦学学报》2023年第2期123-142,共20页Tribology

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2020YJ0032);国家自然科学基金项目(51905456,52005418,52035012)资助。

摘　　要：人工髋关节假体性能评价关系到其在体内的服役情况,髋关节假体在体内承受的负荷、运动以及体液环境等非常复杂,在体外构建复杂环境用以研究在体内环境下关节假体的服役行为,有助于减少人工关节假体失效和提高患者满意度.本文中通过文献调研的方式,详细阐述了关于髋关节假体的相关评价标准和学者们的评价研究方法,指出了现有评价方法存在的局限性,并提出改善思路.对于关节假体所使用材料的评价,国内外相关机构制定了一系列标准程序,用以评估其力学和摩擦学特征,但对于多孔材料的性能评价仍需进一步研究.对于关节部件的性能评价已形成相关测试标准,但存在评价过于简化等问题,有部分评价方法还处于实验室研究阶段.对于关节假体生物力学性能和运动功能评价,均处于试验室研究阶段.其中,部分性能/功能评价研究较多,但研究中所采用的运动和加载条件与体内真实环境存在差异的问题仍需要进一步解决.建立系统性和层次性的髋关节假体评价体系,施加可近似等效在体服役的环境,平衡各影响因素之间的相互作用对骨科植入物的临床前评估发展具有重要的意义.The hip joint is the largest and most stable load-bearing joint in the human body. Joint damage or disease often limits its function, which seriously affects life quality. With the aging process and the increase in the amount of young patients, higher requirements are placed on the function and performance of hip prostheses. To speed up the rehabilitation process, prolong the service life of orthopedic implants, and eliminate or reduce the possibility of future revisions, the joint prosthesis needs a careful preclinical evaluation before it is put on the market, that is, to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the artificial joint prosthesis. Because, they present a significant inherent potential for hazards. Thus, safety and effectiveness are always the most important considerations before clinical application. The performance evaluation of artificial hip prosthesis is related to its loading condition in the human body. Artificial hip prostheses are often subjected to complex loads, movements, and human body fluid environments in vivo. The construction of complex environments for the investigation on the service behavior of the artificial hip joint prosthesis in vivo is conducive to reducing the failure of the prosthesis and improving patient satisfaction. Through literature research,this paper expounds on the relevant evaluation standards and methods of hip prostheses, points out the limitations of the existing evaluation methods, and proposes future improvements. For the evaluation of materials used in joint prostheses,relevant institutions have formulated a series of standard procedures to evaluate their mechanical and tribological characteristics, but further research is needed for the performance evaluation of porous materials. The mechanical and tribological evaluations of artificial hip joint components have formed relevant testing standards, but most of them are too simplified, and some of the other evaluation measures are still in the stage of laboratory research. There are no relevant evaluation an

关 键 词：人工髋关节假体 生物力学 生物摩擦学 测试标准 临床前评估 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论] Q66[生物学—生物物理学]